Alzhanova A.A. – 1 year master student of Literary Studies Department CS MES RK Institute of Literature and Art named after M. Auezov joint educational program of a number of research institutes on the basis of "Gylym Ordasy" and Kazakh National University named after al-Farabi, lady.alzhanova@mail.ru

Research manager: Akysh N. - Doctor of philological science, babe8812@mail.ru

THE NOVEL SPAWNED THE NEW ERA

(About the novel “Zharmak” by Mukhtar Magauin)

After the birth of a new century Kazakh writers were given a new task. They should have been written new works representing a new, independent country. It is a new, independent country, representing the image of the new work. Novels which describe the nature of the era of globalization by the new way were written a few. However, every literary researcher has a question: how did these novels affect to readers and did they achieve their objectives of the art destination. One of these novel is the novel by Mukhtar Magauin “Zharmak”.

In the novel is raised nowadays Kazakh country’s two centuries continued actual issues, is shown complicated moral risk in Kazakh society, a spiritual essence of making money as a wealth of the world, the future of an independent country, deep thoughts about nation’s condition.

As a result, the breath from expanding the art of the novel interpretation of the temptation to change the attributes are teetering on the daily life of thousands of times, is a description of the phenomena submitted a crack on the psychology of the nation. Especially Zharmak novel was able to show the crisis of language and culture of our people is very gentle way.

This novel is the latest product that combines the search on the part of the form and meaning. But when the book is published the critic was divided into two sides. Some believed that it was a phenomenon that had not previously been in the Kazakh literature. The second have accused Mukhtar Magauin that classic of Kazakh prose can not write about the little things that are not worth the attention.

There were critics who condemned the author’s searching of the form in writing this novel. According to these words, this style is present in the world literature. And splitting the human person, which is found in the plot of the novel, also met in earlier works of world literature. To make our words true, we give an example, a literary critic Amirhan Mendeken and famous akyn Amanhan Alimuly wrote an article about the novel “Zharmak” in the newspaper “People's Word”.

Amanhan Alimuly wrote: I was expecting more. When the book first came out, everyone said that it is a novelty. But now, in my opinion, there is no novelty. In Hermann Hessen's novel, "Steppen wolf" was a character named Harry. The writer found his manuscripts, and said: "I found Harry’s digital manuscript". The action in the novel "Zharmak" also begins as in the novel "Steppen wolf". It is not a novelty, yet the question is not whether take the detail or plot, but rather how to present it. For example, in the "Faust" there is an expression: "Ah, two souls live in my breast". Therefore, the presence of two souls in one body began from the time of Faust, and because of that I lost interest in the novel. And the second my disappointment when I read the novel, I could not see the interests of the people and of the state. This novel is influenced as a collection of articles that appear in newspapers and magazines, tabloids [1,10], but in his turn, Amirhan Mendeke has written: "I appreciated this book as an artistic phenomenon, and I hold this view". "Zharmak" is like a pocket money. It's not lot of money. If the pocket money fell out of your purse, you offend not so much. We have become niggling, especially Kazakh intellectuals. We are now turned into frogs, and crayfish from of Ablay’s dreams. We anyway need such critical novels. For example, in Japan and in Italy a lot of novels, that criticize his nation [1,12].

Evaluation of novel by literary critics is not so limited. Immediately after publication the book received positive and negative comments from literary critics and readers, and famous literary critic Kulbek Ergobek has written about the novel: "Mukhtar Magauin is a classic of Kazakh literature. Each writer on idea should be contradictory to the society in which he lives. But, our Kazakh literature has never been contradictory to its society. Writers do not get tired to list advantages of of society. Despite the fact that the writer has manifested itself in Soviet times, he was able to see the disadvantages of our independent state, which seeks to reach the peak of civilization. Proof of this is his novel "Zharmak". This novel, which in Kazakh literature is unique, and that is able to be the beginning of new traditions in Kazakh literature. This novel, which was able to tell the truth of our time. His true evaluation will be determined in the future”. [2,15]

Amanhan Alimuly is not the first, who speaks about the content of the novel critically, and that it is not a novelty. Literary critics have repeatedly cited examples that the content had its origin in the world literature. But the main purpose of today's article is not to show this side of the novel.

In the above opinion is something with which we agree and where we have differences. First, evaluating novel "Zharmak" as a phenomenon, not only in the world, but in the Kazakh literature, we make hasty conclusions. From the viewpoint of content selection, it was the right time, it opens up a lot of bitter truth of our society. And we can say with certainty that just it is very necessary and very important at this time. Therefore, this novel is as successful and not so successful experiment of the writer. The success is in the fact that writer was able to reveal the essence of the Kazakh society, using a new method in the literature, which had not previously met in the Kazakh literature (we are not talking about world literature). The failure is in the fact that the novel only as a reflection of influenced and repeated literary phenomenon, which had previously met in the world literature. Art disadvantages of the novel, written in a few days, were clearly visible to the reader, who used to take Mukhtar Magauin as a great writer, able to show off his artistic talent at a very high level.

Scientist S. Kaskabasov about psychological inner struggle of the novel "Zharmak" writes as follows: “A dual personality in terms of the philosophy of a very complex process, in art, in literature often used the allegorical method, which describes the disagreements, the moral, social, political, and social issues that sometimes can not be said, and Mukhtar Magauin would show in his novel "Zharmak"[3,9]. The main plot of the novel is happening around the main character Murat Beisenuly Kazybekov and its shadow, and another person in his soul Marat Beisenuly Kazybekov.

Mukhtar Magauin’s novel "Zharmak" is characterized by originality and author’s consciousness. People who are well acquainted with the writer may think that the protagonist (Murat) is the author himself, and forked person of the hero (Marat) can be accepted by them as interference that occur in society and prevent to writer’s work. In each work to a certain extent manifests the image of the author, ie, autobiographical nature. It is an indisputable question. But in each work it may be seen to varying degrees according to type of the content, depending on the author's consciousness, etc. In the novel "Zharmak" the author's identity is more pronounced.

In this novel vividly is expressed conformity with the line of the author's life, the difficulties in his destiny. Twenty percent of the work is experience of the author, his past, and eighty percent is a stream of consciousness of the author and his invention. If there is a disappointment to the content and to the entire product, it should not be judged also the author. Mukhtar Magauin is very smart, with lovely character (from the birth), a critic who does not criticize, sincere, the owner of love (of the Kazakh people, the scientific environment), very brave, a scientist who was able to prove his true desire, a writer who is not interfering in politics, but deals with it.

With such a unique nature he is looking at the whole of society with their own eyes. With the help of a novel "Zharmak" he left the impression that he plays an important role in society. After reading the novel, comes to mind only one word - diagnosis. That is, the novel "Zharmak" is a novel-diagnosis. Here rises another controversial issue. In terms of genre, what genre refers novel "Zharmak"? Some say that this is a novel, an essay, the majority insists that the novel was written by publicistic method. In this regard, Amirhan Mendeke catches our thought: "Indeed, the novel may be the most varied: the novel-confession, novel-warning, novel-requiem etc. Yet there is one kind of novel - a novel-diagnosis ... What distinguishes the author of the novel of this kind, fact that he is the politician who does not sit in the Chamber, and historian, who observes that it is not noticed by others, and a psychologist, who feels that previously felt, and sociologist, who pays attention to all that remains beyond the horizon, and cultural studies, which analyzes all that is left out, and thus makes a diagnosis, use the knowledge of the state of society, about the nature of the people who live in a particular society, about their intentions, about their character, about their consciousness about their knowledge. From this point of view, I would consider Mukhtar Magauin’s novel "Zharmak" to the novel-diagnosis ..." writes about the whole novel. The idea to write about contemporary society, which, is as a flock of bee, the author comes not at the youth, but at the average age, when he thinks about the more important issues in his work. This is a society in which he lived, and had seen all his shortcomings.

With such a unique nature he is looking at the whole of society with their own eyes. With the help of a novel "Zharmak" he left the impression that he plays an important role in society. Mukhtar Magauin’s novel "Zharmak" is characterized by originality and author’s consciousness. Twenty percent of the work is experience of the author, his past, and eighty percent is a stream of consciousness of the author and his invention. If there is a disappointment to the content and to the entire product, it should not be judged also the author. Mukhtar Magauin is very smart, with lovely character (from the birth), a critic who does not criticize, sincere, the owner of love (of the Kazakh people, the scientific environment), very brave, a scientist who was able to prove his true desire, a writer who is not interfering in politics, but deals with it. Another difference of Magauin’s novels is psychology. This process meets in many of his works. If it is called the most significant and “Zharmak” and “Kypshak aruy”[4,18]. The novel “Zharmak” is psychological novel. The word psychology itself suggests the idea of the difficulties. Especially in the current time of globalization.

The main characters of the novel and Murat Marat. The difference in their names only one letter. "Y" and "A". Internationalist "A" and the letter to the national character "Y". Similarity of parallel lines. For more capable "u". Very strong "a". The truth of life. Postmodern neutral realistic, romantic flow, stream of thoughts. This is our opinion.

Iman Kazahbay – work’s key, the author’s method of writing the novel. And the novel itself is justified by the name of Iman Kazakhbay. It's like an inscription in chalk on a blackboard. The author all his consignment passes through this name. Who is it? He exists or not? For a simple reader it is very interesting, unknown. It is better to leave everything as it is.

We notice from the novel that Murat’s life difficulties intertwined with the destiny of the author, which is filled with different challenges. And his shadow Marat is shown in the work as the author’s life true enemies.

In the novel, the names of personalities such as Nurkhan Zhangeldin, Nurmash Sattarov, Ivan Makeevich Esengaliev, Aldabek Karazhumanov, Mushtar Makhanov are little bit changed from the original, in the novel is transferred author’s all the emotions, all the action, the wrong things, all positive actions, the life experience. The people with whom the author has not a good relationship at the time, that did not support his talent and creativity, are transferred in the novel very bright. The author showed everything in his novel. You are able to read it yourself...

Another difference of Magauin’s novels is psychology. This process meets in many of his works. If it is called the most significant and “Zharmak” and “Kypshak aruy”. The novel “Zharmak” is psychological novel. The word psychology itself suggests the idea of the difficulties. Especially in the current time of globalization. Sometimes there are cases when the reader can not understand the psychological work. This of course depends on the sculptor. Magauin’s psychological words skill makes admire. Reading his works you forget about tiredness, about difficulties, and only think of the action. Worried with the heroes: laugh and cry ....

Another difference of this novel is written on a high level. Everyone knows that our novels, which are written well and have great meaning, in many cases, not clear to our readers. Masters of words of Kazakh literature are graduates of National Institute. Now they have become mentors. What they wrote, found its place of honor in our literature. Their readers are our fathers and even forefathers. And they were able to become good readers.

Works of the writer Mukhtar Magauin, which were written in his youth (25-40), are indisputable masterpieces. “Shakan Shery”, “Sary Kazakh”, “Kipchak aruy” are equal to Zharmak by volume. Currently, such products are very popular among readers. What to do if there is no choice, and the mind owned by way of life. The author in the introduction of his novel writing: Written easy, easy read. If you read carefully, fault is not in you, in the fault writers who led his people from irrecoverable Soviet system to a new time. But we believe in the wisdom of the Kazakh people whether they have a higher education or not ...”

“Zharmak” is one of the works that appeared in the period of independence and has a spirit of independence. Who searches that finds. Panic in the early nineties: “Now the writer does not receive for their work. Who used to reflect, that takes title ... and the wife .... and money; monthly salary is not enough for anything...”. Trade between China, Turkey ... (various real opinion), etc. many tricks infuriating. These are issues that should truly reflect. For example, Murat’s shortcomings (the main character) shown as follows: "Of course, a small kitchen, a toilet, which fits only one, bathroom, which can be knocked on the wall when I wash." How not to talk about it with tears.

Another difference of Magauin’s novels is psychology. This process meets in many of his works. If it is called the most significant and “Zharmak” and “Kypshak aruy”. The novel “Zharmak” is psychological novel. The word psychology itself suggests the idea of the difficulties. Especially in the current time of globalization.

To author is important to know the opinion of the reader and show it in his novel. Novel showing image of his time, on the one hand was a close connection with the genres of novel tolgau novel dialogue, which have been written before it.

The novel “Zharmak” is caused a huge controversy among the society and received many dissagrements. But the opinion of the writer Gerold Belger turned out to be similar to ours: “Zharmak” raises journalistic dynamic and urgent questions. Very entertaining. I think this quality is a benefit. This quality intrigues and fascinates me. Recommends to think about yesterday and carefully examine. Today’s existence which is full of conflict and suspicion leads to the fact to think about the future. Existence must be treated with national and universal perspective. This is an exciting novel, novel-essay, novel-discussion. I took it so ... If the novel has been translated into other languages, it would also be a worthy novel. Because it does not fit within the narrow framework of the national phenomenon"[5,19].

Statue of devotion to science is throughout the novel. Meet the complexity of the road of science ordeal. higher enthusiasm, sincerity, understanding to Science. Topics of Kazakh history, culture, interests. The rank, the fame. Hard work absorbs and attracts the pleasure like leeches on one side, loved the girl,sweetheart is on the other side. The family, the generation. Which will be selected. In such case of struggling with himself a whole person at the last moment is divided into two. “Zharmak” is appears. The person who has one face, but two images by choosing two pathways creates two different existences. Two plump persons who have full purposes, struggles, block. Fighting.

References:

1. "Is "Zharmak" just cry or not ... // Khalyk sozi, february 3, 2009.

2. "What kind of work "Zharmak" is? // Ak-Zhelken, September 13, 2011.

3. Maulenov A. Postmodern signs of modern Kazakh novel // Zhuldyz. 2005. №3

4. Mendeke A. Why Mukhtar Magauin went to the Czech Republic // Zhas Alash. 2008. №11

5. Herold Belger. Comments about the novel "Zharmak" // Shugyla, November 21, 2012.