Second-year Master of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University

Nurpeyisova A.A

Supervisor of Studies: Doctor of Philology, Professor Abdimanuly Omirkhan.

Kazakh-Turkish literature in Turkic world

From the historic aspect we can notice our national culture consists of union of general Muslim and Turkish culture features. Turkic Republic and Kazakhstan have common culture, history, language and religion, that is why Turkey is referred as one of our partners who contributed to spiritual, innovational and enlightenment works in Kazakhstan. Turkey was first to recognize our Independence and intended to collaborate with our country in many different fields, including religion. On this foundation, in the beginning of 1990 two countries reached agreement in official intergovernmental relationships.

There was an influence of holy place Turkestan (Turkistan) and creations of Khoja Akhmed Yasawi in development and consolidation of modern cultural, scientific and spiritual relationships between Turkey and Kazakhstan.

Khoja Akhmed Yasawi is the great thinker of Turkic world and founder of Sufism in Islam. Turkish people call Turkestan “the second Mecca”, the reason is that Khoja Akhmed widely spread Islamic religion among Turkic people. We can reveal the appearance of spiritual connection between the countries.

We notice some words in Turkic languages had changed the sound, but we still understand them as we did in past ages. Certainly daily informal language is not the condition. The examples of languages’ distinctions: Boldum – oldum, min – myn, ben – men. In addition, “güvâh” sounds as kuya. We consider literary relationship on the basis of common culture [1]. We have a great literary works in common. From the history we know the heritage of Khoja Akhmed and his teachings got to Anadolu with the contribution of his followers. This moment affected to literary development of the new stream called Sufism. In a little while, Sufism was spread not only in Anadolu, but in entire Turkic area. This kind of literary stream was positively received by Turkic people. One of the reasons of this phenomenon is the social and religious issues in the works were close to the Turkic people’s principles. The appearance of a new direction in the history caused its development among Turkic area. His followers shared the teachings of Yasawi. Especially, our heritage that reached Anadolu caused the creation of new literary figures and surely was a fact that brought our nations together in spiritual aspect. Some of epic stories widely spread in Turkic world. They are “Yusuf and Zeliha”, “Shirin and Farhad”, “Tahir and Zuhra”, “Layla and Majnun”, “Arzu and Kambar”, “Kozy-Korpesh and Bayan Sulu”. The idea of these epos works is mutual. In addition, they vary according to nations’ cultural specialties. For instance, the foundation of the epos “Kozy-Korpesh and Bayan Sulu” is established in Khanate Age.

It is obvious that significant part of cultural relationships between Kazakhstan and Turkey is taken by art and creativity. The relationships of these two relative countries had begun from the ancient times; they have the same historic roots. The cultural heritage of Turkic world is common for both Kazakh and Turkish people. Even in Soviet period the works of famous Kazakh writers and poets were published and promoted in Turkey. The creations of A.Bokeikhanov, A.Baitursynov, M.Dulatov, M.Zhumabayev and other outstanding figures, whose names were forbidden in Soviet period and who were under repression, were very popular in Turkey and had become the literary pride. Magzhan Zhumabayev’s name was forbidden in his motherland, but in Turkey he was well-known and his poems were under discussion. In the end of 1980 and the beginning of 1990 the victims of repression were justified, and people got the possibility to learn the heritage of famous poets and writers such as Akhmet, Magzhan, Mirzhakyp and etc. that was the important historic moment for entire Turkic land. The geographic position, area, time and space, historical periods, social problems affecting to the development of language are considered in antroponomia and mentoponimical aspect in the poetry of Magzhan. [3, 58-59]. The striking example of Turkism is provided in the poems “Turkestan”, “Jer juzynde”, “Oral Tauy”, “Tez baram”, “Paigambar”. “Mustafa Shokai published this poem in “Yash Turkestan” magazine and evaluated it as meaningful and valuable poem on struggle for Turkism” [3, 54].The poem “Alystagy bauyryma” revealed Poet Magzhan’s spiritual wounds, endless sorrow and sadness.

In 2001 Turkish poet Feizullah Budak replied to the heart-rending poem “Alystagy bauyryma” of Magzhan Zhumabayev, who glorified the union of Turkic nations. Poet expressed his worries for relative nation, for the ones who were expatriated from their land to far places to obscurity.

By 1980s, the period of beginning of cultural and scientific relationships between Kazakhstan and Republic of Turkey, the Soviet Union showed its weakness in economics in the conflict that burned out after the II World War within the powerful countries with absolutely different social, politic and economic construction such as the USA, the Great Britain and France.

However, cultural relationships with Turkey officially established in December of 1990. The agreement was signed by Kazak KSR national committee on culture and the ministry of culture of Turkey. These documents contained the following measures: education among children and youth, relationships in higher education, cooperative scientific projects, the exchange of students, different specialists and scientists/researchers, providing international seminars, conferences, festivals, organizing exhibitions, opening the cultural centers, supporting the organization of theatric, musical and other artistic movements, awards, translating the works of Kazakh writers to Turkish and Turkish writers’ creations to Kazakh language.

Kazakh-Turkish spiritual relationships ran by relationships in Turkic world. The source of the powerful slogan “Tilde, pikirde, iste birlik” of Ysmayil Gaspiraly is not XX century, but even more ancient times. The “Tazhirnama” publication contained lots of materials about Kazakh culture, history and economics. The articles of Gaspirali, such as “Kazaktar”, “Torgay ham Oral oblystaryndagy kazaktardyn jagdayi”, “Orys konystanushylary men jergylykty kazaktardyn kuky”, “Kazaktar zhane otarlau sayasaty”, “Tutas halyktyn kyrgyny” reveal the author’s compassion for relative Kazakh nation’s destiny.

The strict politics forbid publishing of particular poets’ and writers’ creations, so the only way to save the heritage was to spread the works of zhyraus in oral form. This way saved many poetic works. Poetry is effective in the way that it keeps the history of different epochs and the truth about significant cases. If we admit that even the written documents can be changed several times by any need, comparatively history that walked mouth to mouth among simple people is more reliable.

One of the measures taken by Suinbay Aronuly’s 200-year-birthday celebration was to familiarize with the creations of the great zhyrshy. The book of Malik Otarbayed “Suyinbay Aronuly” («Süyinbay Aronulı, Ankara, 2015, BENGÜ») was published in Turkish version. The book included the works of Ambassador of Kazakhstan in Turkey Zhanseyt Tuimebayev, also the creations of several scientists Duysen Kaseyinov, Amandyk Batalov, Yakub Omerogly, Darkhan Kydyrali, Nagashybek Kapalbekuly, Nurdaulet Akysh, Nurgali Oraz, Jemileh Kynadgy, Nergis Biray, Temirkhan Tobegenov [5]. Also from the history we are informed about the collection “Suyinbay akin” constructed by Y.Zhansugyrov and F.Gabitova in 1935 for the first time. The poets as Suyinbay glorified the spirit of unity and cohesion in his creations. He was confident for the statement that in any times spiritual enrichment contributed for development of the whole humanity.

In the endless stream of information the main goal is to save the authenticity. Only the strong stem can lead us to the bright future.

References:

1 Eraslan K. Ahmed-i Yesevî Dîvân-ı Hikmet'ten Seçmeler.- Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayını, 1983.- 326s.

2 Jumabayev M. Shygarmalar.- Almaty: Zhazwshy, 2008. 208-p.

3 Alkebayeva D. Magzhannin oilaw stiliy. – Almaty. Kazakh universiteti, 2014. – p. 159.

4 Ananiyeva S. Mezhdunarodnoe sotrudnichestvo Instituta literature i iskusstva imeni M.O. Awezouva. – Almaty: 2006.- p. 186.

5 Otarbayev M. Süyinbay Aronulı. - Ankara: BENGÜ, 2015. –131s.