Психология и социология / 7. Общая психология

Yeralinova T.Y., Nurgaliyeva A.Y.

Karaganda State University named after the academician E.A. Buketov

The role of psychology in human life

Psychology (Greek psyche – soul, logos – the doctrine, the word) – science about laws of result and functioning of mental reflection of objective reality in the course of activities of the person and behavior of animals. The psychology role in a century of the latest technologies and progress is very important. Psychological aspects are analyses, trainings, methods, which recommendations help the modern society to move forward. Psychology, as a science, is a system of theoretical, methodical and experimental means of cognition and research of mental phenomena, their precise subject definition, registration, analysis of ensuring the continuity of their results.

Main tasks of psychology:

- to learn to understand an entity of the mental phenomena and their regularity;

- to learn to control them;

- to use the gained knowledge for the purpose of increase in efficiency of those branches of practice with which of intersection has already issued sciences and branches lie;

- to be a theoretical basis of practice of psychological service. [2]

Studying regularities of the mental phenomena, psychologists reveal an entity of process of reflection of the objective world in a human brain, clarify how actions of the person are regulated as mental activities develop and mental properties of the personality are created. As the mentality, consciousness of the person is reflection of the objective reality, the study of psychological regularities means first of all establishment of dependence of the mental phenomena on objective living conditions and activities of the person.

Psychology is great practical value for a row of areas from which we will mention only the major.

• The first of these areas is the field of industry and labor, and that section of applied psychology that deals with related issues is connected engineering, psychology and labor psychology.

The modern industry including management of mechanisms, transport, aircraft, etc. assumes difficult interaction of system of people machine. The difficult technique must be adjusted for opportunities of the person; it is necessary to create such conditions under which systems management would proceed in an optimal variant and could be carried out about the smallest expenses of time to with the smallest number of errors. They raise a question of what psychological factors need to be considered for support of the maximum reliability of operation and the minimum breakdown susceptibility. All these questions are developed engineering, psychology and psychology of work which become an important component of the scientific organization of production.

• The second sphere of practical application of psychology is training and education of younger generation in other words the sphere of pedagogics. It is known that the increasing volume of knowledge which shall be acquired in the course of school training requires the most rational organization of methods of training. It significantly depends on psychological features of the child, an age of children and their cognitive processes when training at school. The pedagogical psychology is that branch of application-oriented psychology which shall provide scientific reasons for programs and methods of training, to set a circle of those concepts which are available to children of the appropriate age and those methods of submission of material which will provide its best assimilation. The new section of pedagogics which developed lately – the programmed training (or the theory of the programmed, step-by-step assimilation of knowledge) enters a scientific psychological basis for development of the optimum sequence of the offered material and application of the most effective methods of training. Such questions as the extent to which the process of gradual assimilation of knowledge is developed, the ratio of visual and word-logical means of instruction, the methods for the optimal formulation of rules, the techniques that ensure the adequate assimilation of concepts and the transfer of the principles learned in the process of education constitute only a part of those questions that are studied by pedagogical psychology , which makes a significant contribution to the scientific justification of the pedagogical process.

• The third sphere of practical application of psychology is the medicine. It is known that course of any disease depends not only on the pathogenic agent and a status of an organism, but also on how represents to the patient himself the disease as treats her as describes it, in other words from what therapists call "an internal pattern of a disease". However the relation to a disease is connected to a row of psychological factors, to features of an emotional system of the personality, the nature of those generalizations which locates the personality. The study of characteristic features in a system of the personality in which the psychology is engaged has therefore importance in medicine, allows to approach a scientific basis of practice of psychotherapy, psycho-hygiene and psycho prevention closer. A specific place is held by psychology in special branches of medicine – neurology and psychiatry. Here she can give essential help in the solution of two major questions – diagnostics and the nature of a disease, on the one hand and restoration of the broken functions, with another. [3]

Literature:

1. Galperin, P. Ya. Introduction to psychology.

2. Ganzen V. A. System descriptions in psychology.

3. Godfrua. What is psychology.