UDC 582.35/.99(574.23)

Geographical analysis of adjuvant plants of the National park Burabai

Madi M.R., undergraduate of “Biology” specialty

Kostanay State University named by A. Baitursynov

Sultangazina G.ZH., kandidat of biological science, senior lecturer, head of biology and chemistry department.

Harmony of society and environment and also creation propitious life surroundings is the main political - ecological purpose of government in improvement strategy of Kazakhstan till 2050.

Generated during million years biodiversity is one of the basic results of alive organisms evolution.

Republic of Kazakhstan has quite a few regions with rich composition of biodiversity. All-round research of these regions for issuance preventive protective measures is imperative.

644 kinds of superior vascular plants grow, which refer for 92 families and 319 genera are situated in the National Park’s Burabai territory [1]. Borovskoi’s mountain-wood massif has luxuriant vegetation which significant for agriculture. These are 499 kinds from 298 genera and 92 families, 77,4% from all floristic composition. There are fodder crops, officinal, ornamental, melliferous herbs, foody plant and industrial plant from beneficial clumps.

Contemporary geographical area of distribution of plants conditioned by territory’s present physiograhic reservations, and also features of changing geographical medium and type’s improvement in the past express [2,3]. Therefore analysis of sorts distribution which is made up flora makes it possible for to reveal some features of its genesis, connections of current flora with others, ways and sources of its generation [4].

There are many diagrams of geographical elements classifications in the literature. During the research work classification chart by Z.V. Karamysheva and E.I.Rachkovskaya which was assumed and characterized in the analysis of flora that situated in steppe part of Central Kazakhstan’s knoll. In the issue Kokshetau elevation’s flora we differentiated 24 types of distribution. Data about these stations are submitted below in 1 chart:

Сhart 1

Geographical analysis of adjuvant plants of the National park Burabai

Type of area	The number of species	% of total number of useful plants
Holarctic	124	24,85
Palearctic	101	20,24
West Palearctic	58	11,62
Europe Siberian	50	10,02
Cosmopolitan	28	5,61
South Palearctic	21	4,2
East Palearctic	19	3,8
Trans-Volga- Kazakhstan- Mongolian	18	3,6
The Black Sea- Kazakh	12	2,4
Pannonia- The Black Sea- Kazakhstan	11	2,2
The overall Mediterranean	9	1,8
Trans-Volga-Kazakhstan	8	1,6
East Mediterranean	6	1,2
Kazakhstan-Turan-Central Asian	5	1
West Mediterranean	4	0,8
Central Kazakhstan-Mongolian	4	0,8
Kazakhstan-Central Asian	4	0,8
Trans-Volga-Central Kazakhstan	3	0,6
Kazakhstan	3	0,6
The Black Sea-Kazakhstan-Mongolian	3	0,6
Kazakhstan-South Siberian	3	0,6
East Black Sea-Kazakhstan	2	0,4
East Black Sea-Kazakhstan-Mongolian	2	0,4
East Kazakhstan	1	0,2
Just	499	100

The analysis of table shows that among beneficial plants in the territory of National Natural State Park’s “Burabai” the most quantity of plants types refer to Holarctic mode of areal. Holarctic element combines kinds which spreading within the scope of Holarctic floristic kingdom. In the observable flora Holarctic element has 124 types(24,9%). Types of given element play significance role in summation of hydrous, woody, steppe and other assemblages: Achillea millefolium L., Androsace septentrionalis L., Artemisia dracunculus L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth., Calamagrostis langsdorfii (Link.) Trin, Carex bohemica Schreb., Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Equisetum fluviatile L., Erysimum cheiranthoides L. and other.

Palearctic component combines types which spreading in moderated and subtropical regions of Holarctic within the scope of the Old World. In the adjuvant flora on the observable territory they are on the second place and consist 101 kinds(20,2% from common numbers of beneficial types of all flora. The most quantity of palearctic sorts present ruderal, pratal and forest plants: Galium uliginosum L., Gentiana pneumonanthe L., Geranium pratense L., Hyoscyamus niger L., Juniperus communis L., Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort, Lathyrus pisiformis L., Linaria vulgaris Mill, Lycopus europaeus L, Medicago falcata L. and other.

Also quite a lot of number of sorts refer to west palearctic geographical element. West palaearctic element includes types which prevalence is limited by Palearctic’s west part and that is absent in the territory of East Asian pre-kingdom. In our case this component is adduced by 58 sorts(11,62%): Lysimachia vulgaris L., Melampyrum cristatum L. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., Padus avium Mill., Potentilla supina L. Potentilla canescens Besser, Pulmonaria mollissima Wulfen ex Hornem, Rhamnus cathartica L., Rosa spinosissima L., Salix cinerea L. and other.

Eurosibirian element represents types of Holarctic’s boreal pre-kingdom, spreading within the scope of the Old World. In the useful flora it’s represented by 50 kinds (10,0%)%): Scolochloa festucacea (Willd.) Link, Sedum telephium L., Seseli libanotis (L.) W.D.J.Koch , Silene nutans L., Stachys sylvatica L., Veronica spuria L., Adonis vernalis L., Agrostis stolonifera L., Angelica sylvestris L., Astragalus danicus Retz and other.

Cosmopolitic plants locate in the most parts of Earth. Cosmopolitan quantity is not much. In the territory of NNSP “Burabai” 5,6% of beneficial plants consist from cosmopolitic geographic component, this is 28 types most of them which are hydrous, forest and weeds: Carex leporina L., Chelidonium majus L., Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh, Botrichium multifidum (Gmel.) Rupr, Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv, Thelypteris palustris Schott, Typha latifolia L. and other.

South palearctic type of distribution which includes sorts of plants that are widespread in subarid and arid regions. There are 21(4,2%) such types in the available flora of the researching terrain. Steppe and poic steppe plants possess an advantage over others : Allium strictum Schrad, Astragalus sulcatus L., Filipendula vulgaris Moench, Galium ruthenicum Willd, Geranium collinum Stephan ex Willd and other.

Also average number of types compounds east palaearctic areal, which composition includes 18 sorts(3,8%), there are typical steppe and petrophyte assemblage of plants. Such types refer to them: Chamaerhodos erecta (L.) Bunge, Gypsophila paniculata L., Iris lactea Pall, Vincetoxicum sibiricum (L.) Decne and other.

The Black Sea- Kazakhstan type of distribution in the researching terrain has 12 species, notably 2,4% from common quantity of adjuvant plants, most of them are steppe plants.

Pannonia- the Black Sea- Kazakhstan type of distribution has 11 species (2,2%) in the territory of national park.

Overall Mediterranean Sea type of distribution refers to plants that are widespread to a great extent in arid regions.

Also 8 sorts (1,6%) of adjuvant plants consist of Trans-Volga Kazakh geographic element.

East Mediterranean Sea division of range is species whish are widespread in Kazakhstan and Mongolia steppes, Turan and Central Asia deserts. Species from these categories are 6(1,2%) in our exploring terrain. There are: Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link., Leymus paboanus (Claus) Pilg, Poa stepposa (Kryl.) Roshev, Potentilla longifolia Willd. ex Schltdl, Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski.

Kazakhstan- Turan- Central Asian type of area includes 5 sorts (1%). There are such plants like: Dracocephalum thymiflorum L., Elisanthe viscosa (L.) Rupr., Phlomis agraria Bunge, Sium sisaroideum D.C. and Spiraea hypericifolia L.

There are species which cover Central Asia steppe and eremic region of Euroasian steppe refer to Kazakhstan- Central Asia type of area. In the territory of the national park these are 4 (0,8%) kinds. There are such species like: Crataegus altaica Ledeb. ex Loud, Grossularia acicularis (Sm.) Spach, Nitraria sibirica Pall and Rosa laxa Retz.

Central Kazakhstan-Mongolian type of area includes species which are widespread from west border of Central Kazakhstan hill to east border of Central Asian steppe subregion. There are 4 species in exploring terrain: Oxytropis ampullata (Pall.) Pers, Oxytropis glabra (Lam.) DC, Sedum hybridum L. и Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam.

West Mediterranean Sea type or area also embraces 4 species. (0,8%): Valeriana tuberosa L., Stipa capillata L, Fumaria officinalis L. and Plantago maritima L.

Trans-Volga-Central Kazakhstan geographic component has 3(0,6%) species of steppe assemblage in investigated adjuvant flora: Thymus stepposus Klok. et Schost, Euphorbia subcordata C.A.Me and Lappula stricta (Ledeb.).

Kazakhstan type of area cover plants that are generally widespread in Kazakhstan’s steppes. Such type of area in Borovskoy tract has 3 beneficial species (0,6%):%): Euphorbia microcarpa (Prokh.) Kryl, Linaria altaica Fisch. ex Kuprian and Thymus asiaticus Serg.

Kazakhstan-South Siberian type of area describes by plants species which are widespread in Siberia’s south zones, overstepped in north part of Kazakh hill. 3 species (0,6%) number among adjuvant plants like this type of area - Geranium bifolium Patrin, Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass and Veronica krylovii Schischk.

The Black Sea-Kazakhstan-Mongolian type of area includes 3 species, that consists 0,6% from total numbers of beneficial plants: Androsace maxima L., Atraphaxis frutescens (L.) K.Koch and Cirsium esculentum (Siev.) C.A.Mey.

Also there are 2 species(0,4%) of adjuvant plants in exploring terrain: Polygala hybrida DC and Cleistogenes squarrosa (Trin.) Keng, which refer to East Black Sea Kazakh Mongolian geographical element.

East Black Sea-Kazakhstan geographical component includes species, which range in the Black Sea and Trans-Volga-Kazakhstan steppe provinces. There are only two species of adjuvant plants in exploring terrain. There are typical steppe plants: Onosma simplicissima L. and Stipa zalesskii Wilensky.

It should mark East Kazakhstan area. There is only one kind such area in the territory of the national park “Burabai” - Peucedanum morisonii Besser ex Spreng.

Accordingly implemented analysis indicated that exploring adjuvant flora in quantity consists from cosmopolitan, holarctic and palearctic plants in the territory of natural park “Burabai”. The most large component is Holarctic geographic element according to quantity of species – 124 kinds(24,9%). On the second place is palearctic type of area which consists from 101 species(20,2%). Also to leading number types of areas add west palearctic geographic component. Its lobe makes up 58 species of adjuvant plants, there is – 11,6%. The least part of beneficial plants takes: east Kazakhstan – 1 kind (0,2%), east Black Sea- Kazakhstan- Mongolian type of area – 2 species (0,2%) and also east Black Sea- Kazakhstan geographic element – 2 kinds (0,4%).

Resources

1. The flora of natural park “Burabai” [Text]: monograph / G.Zh. Sultangazina [and others]; editor A.N. Kupriyanov. – Novosibirsk: Press SO RAN, 2014. -242p.: coloured pictures.-Text are in Russia, Kazakh, Latin – Bibliography: p. 198-213. – 500 duplicates. - ISBN 978-5-7692-1381-6

2. Wulf E.V. Introduction in historic geography of plants.

3. Tolmachov A.I. Introduction in geography of plants. Press Leningrad, 1974. – 244p.

4. Revushkin A.S. High mountain flora of Altai. – Tomsk: Press Tomsk, 1988. – 320p.