GEOGRAPHY
AND GEOLOGY
AREA AND REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF SOCIETY
Candidate
of geographical sciences Savranchuk L.A., Kureraru K.
Chernivtsi
National University, Ukraine
Features
optimization of cultural tourism Ukraine
Cultural
objects - heritage historical development of society, which focuses on a
particular area. In Ukraine, almost every region could be used for the
development of tourism. In many regions of Ukraine, especially in the
Carpathians, Polissya saved folk customs and ceremonies, original folklore,
arts and crafts, which can be the basis for the organization of international
tourism.
A
special role in the development of tourism plays historical and cultural
monuments, as evidence of a thousand-year history of the Ukrainian people. In
Ukraine are protected by the state more than 70 thousand historical and
cultural monuments (including more than 12 thousand most valuable for tourism
architectural monuments). Architecture in Ukraine placed unevenly. They are
found mostly in western regions of Ukraine and Kyiv, Khmelnitsky, Vinnytsya,
Chernihiv, Sumy region. In Lviv, Kyiv, Chernihiv, Kamenetz-Podolsk, Lutsk, Ostrog,
Zhovkva, Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky and other cities established historical and
architectural reserve. Status reserves have also Kachanivka, Olvia, Olesko,
Galich, Novgorod-Siversky, Kano, Chyshryn more.
In
the treasury of cultural heritage landmark Ukraine belongs to old parks that
have great historical and artistic value (5). In total there are 529 parks
landscape art and 35 dendrology parks that have protected status of natural
reserve fund [1].
The basic principle of
development of cultural tourism in the
state should be the principle of sustainable development, which implies the
support of the local culture, preservation of cultural and natural sites and
improve the living standards of the local population. Tourism implemented the
principles of sustainable development is an important means of ensuring
employment and economic development and the preservation of and involvement in
social and economic development of cultural objects. It is necessary to
significantly increase state support of private organizations whose work is
aimed at ecological and cultural tourism. The necessary cooperation between relevant departments, associations, educational
institutions and research institutes, public organizations
with public monuments and government. It is desirable to
expand the availability of relevant information and publications for visitors. There is a need for a state program
of social research and monitoring of facilities in tourist areas. Necessary
development of the only European methods of going is near of reproduction and use of
cultural heritage. It is desirable to increase public understanding of this problem through advertising and popularization of objects of cultural heritage. There is a requirement to create alternative tourist routes with the aim of reduction
of loading on
the main routes. This requires combining regional and international initiatives
to achieve harmonious cultural tourism, as well as working out a common
approach to the whole tourism system relative to cultural and natural heritage
[1, 2].
It
is desirable to use part of the profits from tourism on reproduction,
restoration, reconstruction of natural and historic sites that have suffered
damage as a result of their uncontrolled use. Determined of the main priorities
of state police to support and encourage the development of the field of
"cultural tourism" and cultural heritage. Developed and improved
regulatory framework to ensure the preservation and optimal use of natural and
cultural values in tourism. There is a need support local
regional economy to increase the flow of tourists to remote places. Visit the
main tourist routes while limiting the number of visitors. Financial support,
tax incentives, and improved credit and grants for repair and restoration of
cultural monuments would increase the attractiveness and monuments should
encourage tourists to visit the past. Create or arrangement of infrastructure,
communications and transport, combine the interests of the tourism industry for
the protection and promotion of cultural heritage. Acute today is the problem
of low awareness and culture of some tourists (vandalism, rude behavior, etc.).
For
the purpose of promoting cultural tourism certification is essential to modern
monuments of history and culture. The parameters characteristics are: GP
(tourist location and accessibility); the scale (national, regional, local);
survival (well maintained, changed to % of the area); conservation
requirements; possibility of forming a complete tourist infrastructure.
Passports must unite in a national memorial Cadaster network.
The
system of modern tourism routes "Necklace of Slavutych" covers 12
regions of Ukraine: Dnipropetrovsk, Zhitomir, Zaporizhya, Kyiv, Kirovograd, Mykolaiv,
Odessa, Poltava, Sumy, Kherson, Cherkasy, Chernihiv and Kyiv. River Dnieper (Borisfen)
is one of the main attractions of Kyiv. Many travel companies offer trips along
the Dnieper River, which makes it possible to contemplate Kyiv in perspective.
These tours are in the warmer months on a boat on schedule and can take up to 3
hours. Induce one-, two-, three deck boats, launches VIP class. In the evening
walk or individual for a large and noisy company makes it possible to enjoy the
panoramic view of skyscrapers in the lights.
Organized
tourism on the Dniester program involves visiting: Red Mountain; Tower
Benyovszky; secret caves monks in the village Falcon's Nest; Dzhurivskyy waterfall;
Palace of Count Baden; Zhvanets Castles XVII. Attention is drawn to the concept
of historical and cultural region in the development of fashion brands and
routes to location. It is available cultural and historical sites provide
habitats and determine location.
For
15 years the cruise line from Germany (Pasay) to the Ukrainian part of the Danube
Delta in ports Ismail and Vilkovo was made 600-ship cruise activities Ukrainian
Danube Shipping Company, foreign ship-owners and charterers. About 80 thousand
tourists attended the shore and water excursions, including visiting DBR with
access to the Black Sea and the zero kilometer, walking tours and bus to
Vilkovo - by Ismail. During this period, more than 1 million euro revenue
received. In 2015 more than 100 vehicles is planned events.
During the last
years repeatedly the attempts of revival of black sea cruises came true by
national operators (including cruise Odessa-Istanbul-Odessa organized by the UK
"Ukrferry"), but the marked attempts did not have development as a
result of next circumstances: absence of custom-frontier normative acts about crossing of state
boundaries of black sea countries by cruise tourists; uncompetitive prices and service compared to foreign companies. For
maintenance of ships tourism sector following suit Black Sea ports: Odessa
(Ukraine), Burgas, Nessebar, Varna (Bulgaria), Constanta (Romania), Batumi
(Georgia), Trabzon, Samsun, Sinop (Turkey). By the competitive advantages of
the Black Sea region from
positions of cruise shipping belong: possibility to visit a few countries during one cruise; equidistance of ports,
allowing for comfortable passages; location of passenger port in the vicinity
of the city center the majority of the Black Sea; presence in urban areas
visiting a significant number of architectural and urban development
(particularly in Odessa region); extensive transport system; developed industry of entertainment
and leisure; the presence of a place for a beach holiday and recreation
tourists cruise itineraries.
By
the braking factors of inbound cruise
tourism in the region are: GP, including "untransit" of the Black Sea that puts Black sea cruise tourism in dependence on cruise tourism
of Mediterranean from his clearly certain seasonality, by "lances"
of activity in spring and in autumn, and by almost complete absence of stream
of tourists in June and August; short season of cruise tourism, that lasts 7
months (April-August) as a result of unfavorable weather terms in a fall-winter
period (gales, ice-storm); existent limitations for passing of ships through a
channel Bosporus, that allows to pass to the ships long not more than 300 meters. Now inbound cruise tourism developing in the Black Sea, the rates of development of that considerably yield to
the rates of development of Mediterranean cruise direction, which in the years 2010-2011 the volume of
cruise transportations increased on 18%.
As
for Ukraine, in addition to inbound cruise tourism as a separate line formed
organization cruising route "river-sea", in particular, on the
Dnieper River with access to the Black Sea. Already there are routes
Kyiv-Odessa, Kyiv-Vilkovo-Odessa, Kyiv-Odessa-Tulcea (Romania), Kyiv-Odessa
(covering Kherson), cruises on the Danube.
The
development of the cruise industry in the Black Sea region, and particularly in
the coastal regions of Ukraine hampered by a number of factors: lack of policy
makers cruise industry; lack of cooperation between the countries of the Black
Sea region, including the lack of uniform rules on passenger navigation in the
Black Sea region; lack of cooperation of state and local government agencies in
promoting business tourism product of the region; insufficient development of
port and tourist infrastructure in most Black Sea ports required for receiving
large cruise ships (including insufficient length of the mooring lines, no
parking of tourist buses, etc.). In particular, the development of inbound
tourism cruise coastal regions need modern international airports, which would
enable the port of Odessa become a base for tourists from neighboring
countries; significant presence of foreign tour operator companies in the
domestic market tour operators Ukraine, which adversely affects the intensity
of domestic tourism product. Politics artificially lowering the prices of
tourism products pursued globally integrated tourism companies, leading to
crowding out of domestic tourism companies, primarily small businesses;
excessive demands on insurance activities (publications insurance policies)
from foreign cruise companies almost impossible to close cooperation with local
tour operators cruise line operators. The standard requirement for a one-time
payment for the insured event is 1 million and can reach 5 million Dollars USA.
Ukrainian insurance companies cannot provide such coverage, forcing tour
operators to seek assistance from foreign companies that need development in
Ukraine of reinsurance risks cruise shipping; imperfect system of taxation of
tourism.
References:
1. V. Kyf'yak The organization of tourism in Ukraine / VF Kyf'yak. - Chernivtsi:
knish. - XXI, 2003. - 300 P.
2. http://www.tourclub.com.ua/uk/info/other/pro-aktioitury/rafting-nacheremoche-v-karpatah-na-ukraine