ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ/2.Современные технологии управления
Zhamanbaev Ye.B., undergraduate
group SLG-21 SP
Taubaev A.A., doctor of
economics, professor
Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, the Republic of
Kazakhstan
STATE REGULATION OF EMPLOYMENT IN
KAZAKHSTAN
The state with the tools of macroeconomic regulation is intended to create favourable conditions for
all citizens in the implementation of their ability to work, to promote
professional mobility of labor, the formation of its high competitiveness, as
well as to minimize the economic and social costs of unemployment. The solution
of these tasks can not be done in isolation from the structural and investment
policy, social programs, policies and other income.
However, the state regulation in the field of employment active influence
on the socio-economic transformation in the country, as the rise in
unemployment could be one of the most important factors of stagnation of
economic and social instability in society.
The essence of management is revealed through its functions. Function,
which expresses the essence of management, are determined by the content and
structure of the production process "[1, c. 12].
Each control
function is carried out subject to certain controls. Changes in management of
the economy led to a change of competence, functions and objectives of industry
and other governments.
The main
directions of state control in the sphere of labor, social security and
employment are determined by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which
approves state program, a unified system of financing and labor payment for all
bodies financed by the state budget of the Republic [2, p.58].
The main
directions of socio-economic policy established by the Government of the
Republic of Kazakhstan [2, p.72].
In connection with the Decree of the President of the Republic of
Kazakhstan "On improving the structure of the central executive bodies and
reducing the number of public bodies" from October 29, 1996 established
the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The Ministry
of Labour and Social Protection
of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the central government body that carries out
the unified state policy and state programms in the field of labor and
employment, social protection of retired employee disabled, families with minor
children, and in need of state support for other groups of disabled population.
Decisions taken by the Ministry of Labour and social protection, as well as
clarification on the application of regulations in the field of labor and
social security mandatory subjects of all forms of ownership. Employment,
unemployment, employment, benefits and unemployment benefits are regulated by
the State Employment Service.
In the
system of public employment services include:
Employment
Department under the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Republic
of Kazakhstan;
Board and
executive management of the State Employment Promotion Fund (see Fig. 1).
Employment
Department consists of:
- Central
apparatus;
- Regional,
urban centers of employment of labor exchanges;
- Vocational
training centers and vocational guidance of the unemployed population;
- City
(district in the city) and district centers of employment - labor exchanges.
At all
levels as part of the State Employment Service are inspection, monitor the
implementation of state bodies, enterprises, institutions and organizations,
farms and other employers of the legislation on the rights of citizens to work
and employment.
Bodies of
the State employment service are legal entities, administrators under their
operational management of the fund employment.
State
Employment Promotion Fund as a separate financial system is created to finance
the implementation of employment policies and effective operation of public
employment service.
Main directions of spending the State Fund for employment at the appropriate
levels are determined by national and regional employment programs. Disposal of
assets of the Fund is implemented by the State Employment Service.
Management
in the field of labor, social security and employment implemented at the
regional level through the representative and executive bodies.
In
connection with the reorganization of the Ministry of labor and Ministry of
Social Welfare, respectively reorganized and controls at the regional level.
But, nevertheless, regional governments directly lead and manage urban and
regional control centers located in the region. [3]
Office for
Labour and Employment provides leadership and coordination of structural units:
Departments
of Labor and Employment and labor protection;
Migration
Service.
Department of
Labor and Employment within its competence:
•
implementation of the state policy in the sphere of payment, preparation of
proposals on ways to improve it, on the specific values of the
regional, sectoral and other factors;
•
implementation of the state policy in the field of social protection,
compulsory and voluntary social insurance;
•
participation in the development of programs of social support for families
with children, workers with family responsibilities and working women;
• The
development of regional comprehensive measures to improve the situation of the
family, women and children;
• analytical
work, assessment of demographic processes, the standard of living of the
population, the social impact of industrial distribution relations of the market
economy; preparation of proposals to improve the level of social support in
terms of developing population adapted to the market economy, state support
system for families with children, workers with family responsibilities,
working women, modern approaches to the creation and development of
kompleksnomu the social insurance system as a whole;
•
implementation of a unified state policy to improve the working conditions of
employees;
•
participation in the work of the commissions generated in cases of mass layoffs
liquidation of enterprises, institutions, organizations, irrespective of
ownership;
• drafting
of agreements on social partnership in the field of socio-economic and labor
relations;
• State
control over compliance by employers, regardless of ownership, existing labor
laws, regulations on labor;
•
coordination of the study of public opinion in the region in the field of
labor, its payment and protection, employment, social protection [4].
In recent
years, the intensity of migration processes has increased. Economic and
political instability of neighboring countries raises the problem of internally
displaced persons. With the influx of migrants increases the load, in
particular, on the social infrastructure of the state, because it is necessary
to solve the problems of accounting, registration, placement and employment of
refugees and internally displaced persons. The difficult situation is created
and due to the large outflow of qualified specialists abroad [5].
Migration
Service deals with:
§ implementation of the measures taken to implement the migration policy,
the development of proposals on migration;
§ organization of work and control for the reception, arrangement and
creation of appropriate social conditions of migrants, observance of social
guarantees;
§ issuing opinions on issues to attract foreign labor.
§ State Employment Service is formed and operates district, city (district
in the city), regional and national levels under the supervision of the
relevant authorities of the local administration.
§ The main burden to address local employment rests with the regional
employment centers. They report directly to the Department of Employment of the
Ministry of Labour and Social Protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In
submission of regional employment center - labor exchanges - city and district
employment centers.
The
functions of the regional center of employment - labor exchanges:
coordinate
the activities of the regional employment services in all areas and provide
methodological and practical assistance to urban and regional employment
centers;
analysis of
socio-economic change in the region, relevant professional composition applied
to the employment service and the unemployed available jobs, identifying the
causes of imbalances and the adoption of operational measures to regulate the
labor market;
organization
of sociological research for short-term and long-term forecast of the
distribution of various categories of the population in the labor market, the
identification of structural changes in the economy and the development of
cooperation with local authorities the main areas of employment policy and
social protection of the unemployed area;
development
of regional employment programs and submitting it for approval to the local
executive bodies;
analysis of
the implementation of employment programs and measures needed to prevent mass
unemployment and reduce dlitelnoy;
organization
of work on vocational training of the unemployed population, determining the
need for training places, the choice of training programs, the conclusion of
agreements with self-supporting educational institutions and enterprises for
training in the workplace;
organization
of creation of paid public works in the area;
prognoznoanaliticheskaya
assessment of the staffing situation in the labor market (conformity of
professional graduates and contact employment demand in the labor market);
organization
of territorial redistribution of labor resources in the framework of voluntary
movement of citizens and organizations control the import and export of foreign
labor;
creation of
regional automated information and reference systems of accounting demand and
supply of labor in the labor market.
At the local level, there are social security departments whose remit
includes:
organizational
implementation by appointment, payment and delivery of pensions and social
security benefits;
organization
of social services for senior citizens, people with disabilities, families with
minor children and other groups in need of government support, as well as
providing them with the legislation of the benefits of vouchers for spa
treatment and special vehicles;
Material and social, medical and social and cultural services for the
elderly and disabled people living in institutions of social security, and
more.
A special
place in the system of labor market regulation occupy territorial employment
centers, which are one of the most important structures of the market economic
mechanism. They are special institutions engaged in mediation in the labor
market. Increasing their role and become more complex functions. They must keep
a record of labor reserves at the territorial level, to accumulate all the
information about vacancies and vacancy rates, to inform residents about the
needs of state-owned enterprises and other employers to workers in certain
professions and professionals to promote their device to a suitable job. These
centers are also designed to organize vocational guidance and retraining,
taking into account the real demand and employment opportunities, identify the
size of the lack of jobs, initiate the creation of public works in the
conditions necessary to assist in providing work poorly protected social groups
of the working population, provide social support for temporary tion of forced
unemployment, the exchange of knowledge in terms of employment in other regions
of the Republic.
The main
activities of the centers of employment are:
registration
of the unemployed;
registration
of vacancies;
employment
of the unemployed and others wanting to get a job;
labor market
research and providing information about it;
testing of
persons seeking work;
vocational
guidance and vocational retraining of the unemployed; payment of benefits.
In modern
conditions the majority of citizens are employed not by employment centers, and
referring directly to the personnel services agency.
Training
centers and retraining the workforce provide increasing its competitiveness,
increase the chances of the unemployed to join the composition of the working
population.
The same agency develops and implements a common state policy in the field
of labor, the development of labor relations based on social partnership, the
prevention and resolution of labor disputes, labor protection, training and
retraining. The main element of market infrastructure labor is a public
employment service, which includes three levels of government authorities:
national, regional and local. Along with her developing non-state actors of
employment (labor exchange youth center employment of women, labor exchange for
people with disabilities, etc.).
Bodies of
the State employment service at the national and regional levels, working
closely with the Coordinating Council to promote employment, which are formed
from the representatives of trade unions, employers' associations (boards of
directors of public enterprises and organizations, associations, unions of cooperatives,
tenants, businessmen), government and the State Employment Service [6].
All of the above gives a clear view of the system and the structure of
state regulation of employment. The above-mentioned bodies are designed for
effective government policy relating to the issues of welfare and employment
population.
Currently, the market economy requires structural maneuvers and significant
reallocation of labor between sectors of the country. The emergence of
unemployment in certain scale necessitated rebuilding employment centers to
meet modern standards. Their function is not limited to registratsiey
unemployed and searching for jobs for them. Will create organized, trained, and
information structures employment center. Program of transition to a market economy
and the concept of social protection of the population provides for such
measures, or the creation of special employment centers, accounting information
system of job vacancies, retraining and re-training of personnel, the formation
of a unified system of special assistance to unemployed able-bodied citizens
and many others [7, c.76-77 ].
In all
regions of Kazakhstan is an issue of employment. Under these conditions, all
the more acute the problem of vocational education and training laid-off
employees and the unemployed.
To solve this problem and to implement the right of citizens to free
professional counseling, training, retraining, receiving relevant information
about the kinds of employment, profession, place of work of the regional
employment centers should provide intensive form of social protection. This
aspect is considered in employment program and is the first key focus.
Thus, we see that in the modern market economy has changed the role of
labor exchanges. Now they have to except the registration of the unemployed and
searching for work for them to intensify their activities in the field of
training and professional requalification training youth. At this point in the
country acute problem of employment of women and young people. Employment centers
can also help in solving these problems through the creation of training
courses for new professions, creating a network of state-owned operations. Same
special field of activity is the creation of employment centers information
network available jobs. Such a network will reduce the problems of employment
and help to overflow of labor from areas of surplus to areas with low number of
qualified manpower. Only activism employment centers will help the government
to solve the problems of unemployment and structural imbalances in the labor
market. Their work is an important tool for developing social and economic
model of employment in transition economies.
Literature
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рынку период: автореф.дисс. канд.экон. наук. - Алматы, 1997.
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- Алматы: Білім, 1997. - 736 с.
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после провозглашения независимости республики // Научные труды
"Адилет". Алматы, 1997. - 237с.
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Заяц О.В. Занятость еления и ее регулирование. -
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