Novikov A. O.
Irkutsk National
Research Technical University, Russia
Writing of
dynamic websites
Hundreds of new websites appear every day. They also are filled up with hundreds of new pages and large extent of the information. But how are these new arrays of pages produced and how are they updated so quickly? In this work we may get acquainted with technologies and software systems making stream of information in the World Wide Web to develop.
Before
exposure in writing of dynamic websites, it is important to understand what
static website and webpage are, because they are the basis of dynamic websites.
Static site is a set of HTML-pages, which are interrelated with links. Since
emergence the Internet all sites have been precisely static. They have been as standard
documents viewed by different users for receiving information of interest. The
main drawbacks of static pages are complexity of alteration in them and complexity
in upgrade of a site. Without sufficient knowledge in web programming it is
impossible to operate a site. This fact pays the fiddler on work of specialists
immediately. Besides, in case of increasing of page amount it is more difficult
to keep sustainability of a site and accuracy of program code.
Dynamic
websites are smarter for that matter. Dynamic website is a site which consists
of dynamic pages – frameworks, content, scripts etc. organized as separate
files. Dynamic sites in a browser are formed with several parts: framework page
and content, which is kept disjoint. As a rule, a framework page is used for reflection
of number of homogeneous pages. Corresponding stuff are loaded to this
framework page. The main concern of dynamic websites is the division of content
and design of web pages. It makes us opportunity to change the information on
sites quickly and efficiently and without necessity of changing of program codes.
As we have made
sense of main notions, it is time to digress into the central subject of the
article – writing of dynamic web sites. We may write dynamic sites from the
ground up and write high-touch all necessary program codes, scripts etc. in text
processing program or integrated development environment. Modern software
allows write and change dynamic web pages relatively easy. At the same time
each site has at least several
different divisions and subdivisions, a variety of graphic, flash-animation,
music and video-files. So the problem of central storage and operation of great
amount of files arises. Obviously it is necessary to create a tool, which will
help us to operate a site. And we have such tool. It is a content management system.
Content
management system (hereafter referred to as CMS) is a software which allows
users put and change posted information without help of Web developer. Nowadays
the most popular CMSs are 1C-bitrix, Joomla, Drupal, Wordpress.
The basic idea of all CMS is focused on division of content and design of a site. Usually design of a site changes seldom, at the same time changing of the content may be changed not only every day, but even every hour. That is why CMS use so-called frameworks in its work – special “empty” thunks of pages where site design has already been written. We need just full them with the information. It is enough to use special WYSIWYG editor. This editor is like usual text processing program of desktop application. So it is easy job to explore it. Persistence of large number of ready template give us an opportunity to choose matched design in a matter of minutes. Besides, there is a lot of enhancing in up-to-date CMS. It simplifies writing and forming of pages, for example technique of time delayed Web publishing, graphic composer of forms and pages.
In the
process of writing sites, especially dynamic sites, it is impossible to work
without database and database management system (hereafter referred to as
DBMS). DBMS deals with data aggregation and their storage and treatment. Management
of this system is accomplished in languages of work with database, for example
SQL. Choosing of DBMS depends on that software applications, which will operate
it. Leading suppliers of DBMS are IBM, Oracle, Microsoft. They are characterized
by scalability and processing speed and
in producing of complex analytic excerpts, work with XML and clustering
solution. They are also dated back to so-called “big thiple”. Free of charge
DBMS such as MySQL and Postgres are close to these giants and may compete with
them. Which of these DBMS to choose is a matter of dispute in “holy war”
between design engineers. We will not go into details of these systems, but
just mention that it doesn't make any difference to interpreter of PHP which of
the system he will use, as common logic of work is permanent. If a computer
programmer can work with MySQL, he will learn PostgreeSQL or MS SQL Server relatively
easy. Negligeable differentiating will be in naming of functions and special
aspects of making a query. But actually in process of making choose in favor of
small project, the main factor if free of charge of a system.
Also knowledge
of main programming languages is desirable for writing of dynamic sites. It is
not easy to create a web-site, as it may seem to a dilettante. We need deep
knowledge of technologies, which are commonly used for creation web-sites of
elementary and medium levels, to build up an effective source attracting
attention of users and answering claims of search systems.
The most
actual and popular languages are:
·
HTML – is a standard language of document layout in
the Internet;
·
CSS – is a language of description appearance of a
document;
·
PHP – is designed for writing of web applications working at a web server;
·
JavaScript – is a free of charge language of scripts
working on a client side.
This article acquaint us with such notions as
static and dynamic web sites and with technologies and program systems, which
help us to write and keep operational of dynamic web sources. Besides we
mentioned importance of knowledge of main programming languages.
List of references:
1. Leontyev B.V. “Web-design: cobwebs, quirks, secrets” / Publishing house: Solon-Press,
2003. – 170.
2. Leky-Tompson, Ed. “PHP 5
for professionals = Professional PHP 5” / E. Leky-Tompson, A.Kouv,
H.Ayde-Goodman – M.: EE “Dialektika”, 2006. – 608.
3. Olifer V.G., Olifer N.A. –
“Computing nets. Principles, technologies, traces”. SPB.: Piter, 2010. – 944.
4. R. Nixon "Create
dynamic websites using PHP, MySQL, JavaScript and CSS» 2nd ed. SPb .: Peter,
2013. - 560