Abdulina A., Dzhanuzakova Zh.
Concept the Path in Kazakh prose of the twentieth century
"Concept
- the thinking category, unobserved, and it gives a lot of room for its
interpretation. Category concept appears today in the study of philosophy,
logic, psychology, cultural studies, literature, and it bears the traces of all
these interpretations". [1,1] Content and essence of the concept vary depending on differences in
mentality, that is attitude, perception of the world of the individual and the
community, representing one or another type of culture. At the end of the XX
century in the world of Philology issued a new direction - "conceptual- culturological". It is
about a broad view of the word, is studied "at the junction of a number of
humanitarian disciplines – linguistics,
literature, logic, philosophy, art studies and culturology." [2,8]
Among
the urgent issues related to the specifics of the national artistic prose, a
special place is the theme of morality, spirituality, and its refraction in
people's worldviews. In this context, particular importance is the problem of
choosing a man of the vital way, which has become the main pressing need from
the time awareness of personal independence, that is from ancient times, in the
process of evolution is becoming more acute and structuring paradigm of
existence. Chosen for the study concept projected onto in the first place, the
moral, religious, philosophical, cultural orientation man, because the Path
(the Road)) can be represented as a kind of concentric circles in the center of
which - "Absolut" of good (God, truth, mind), and the way a person
can be sent to this center, or, on the contrary, from it ("the right
way" and " false way"). Path problem is
studied by many researchers from of various directions in different countries.
So, attracted the attention of scientists human relations and Supreme
Intelligence (V. Komarov, B. Carter), classical Christian foundations (A. Men,
B. Berman), awareness of the man himself in a world language (G. Fauconnier, G.
Dinsmore, J. Lakoff), communication with the myth of man's ways, while is
approved cyclicity of human civilization and aspiration of the person to return
harmony through a return to the mythological consciousness (A. Losev, M.
Eliade, J. Golosovker and others). Thus, the path (road) an expression of appears as
difficult problem of choosing between the "law of good" and
"evil force" and the characters, choosing the path, and elect their
fate. Special importance attaches to the characters who have an understanding
of "life with the aim of" caring about how to end their path
separating the important thing in a person's life from the transient and time,
reveal something to aspire to, and that may be false. Thus, the path (road) an
expression of appears as difficult problem of choosing between the "law of
good" and "evil force" and the characters, choosing the path,
and shall elect their fate. Special importance attaches to the characters who
have an understanding of "life with the aim of " caring about how to
end their path separating the important thing in a person's life from the
transitory and temporary, reveal something to aspire to, and that may be false.
Kazakh
literature of the twentieth century is a rather complicated in its diversity
picture. In this work elected to investigated
prose of Satimzhan Sanbaev, a famous writer of modern literature of
Kazakhstan. The book "White Aruana" includes the writer's works by
the early years of his creation in the series "nomadic tales". Written
in the 60-70 years of the twentieth century, they were warmly welcomed by
readers and become a real event in the spiritual life of Kazakhstan, displaying
romance, aesthetics and ethics pasturing routs. "According to him, in
these works, we can recognize what we have lived. And the movement of spiritual
thought, and the time when the law on the everlasting life of the steppe
"ancestors are ahead of children." These children have
grown up, have passed the way from perception
of the world to the worldview, closer to the mystery of life, which I had to
tell those who comes after, "- writes in the foreword to a collection of
short stories writer Duysenbek Nakipov. [4, 7]
Defining
the artistic philosophy of the writer idea of
"life-freedom-movement-revival" generates a specific way of creative
thinking, inherently philosophical supposing the installation of the original
image of the person associated with the surrounding world with the historical
past, with the fate of people whose life –
nomad camp – wandering the paths and roads of the motherland. All
the works of the book "White Aruana" begin with picture of the motion
or descriptions of roads and trails that pass through the entire cycle and give
it a name - "nomadic story." Here are some examples from the text.
"Not
far from the river Uil, where steppe road, merging into a single wide tape,
rush to the crossing Karaotkel rises
gravestone construction." ("And the eternal battle"). [4, 11]
"She
came out of the aul for a long time, and the striped bag was almost full. At
other times, the old woman with such a burden is usually returned home, but
today she hobbled from bush to bush, all away from the the aul ..."
("And the eternal battle"). [4, 12
"Half-naked-haired
boy of seven and large forehead gray wolf rushed out of woods on a high hill covered with thick summer
grass, and began to turn somersaults on the green carpet." ("Last
Capital") [ 4, 38]
"The
road wound between rocky hills, and it was evident as she runs toward the
distant covered by a bluish haze the gorge. The lonely traveler measured her
steps." ("Cop-azhal") [ 4,161]
For
Kazakhs, as a nomadic ethnic group, path, journey, travel is an essential part
of the socio-cultural system related to a particular way of life, worldview,
values. Totality concepts, symbols and images associated with the concept of
"path" forms of the same name mifologema, present in
the collective consciousness:
"Each
nation has a long history, dear Khan - said Dzhanibek. - They say you're
plunged into the past nomads, they praised their deeds, both good and bad. Much
whether will achieve children raised in such an environment?
-
According to the laws of the steppe, the ancestors are ahead of their
descendants - again politely bowed Alash Khan. And majdan raged like a river over the banks. Was
approaching the hour when Dzhanibek and Ivan Red were to bless the Russian
regiment in the way. "
Magnificent
metaphor concept is a fragment of the story "When hungry for myth",
dedicated to the history embodied in the rock petroglyphs:
"The
old man intervened again and again with a quiet smile.
-
I think my ancestors were looking at it all the more easy, - he said, run your
hand: - How do you define yourself in a flat, boundless steppes? On the roads.
They are many on the face of the earth. On this ground, riddled roads make a
noise life, there were wars, was advancing peace. Try to portray it all. Ported to the stone. Think out as you can, only postponed to a
stone, and so that was the truth. Here and there on the stone line. "[ 4,128]
"Figurative
symbolism movement – one of the main components of Form Creation composite
spatial arts organization Eurasian nomads. Academician A. Okladnikov defined
world perception as dynamic unity of style rock paintings: "Figure stretched to the limit and
filled with indomitable energy, there is no figure, congeal in place. Moose fast paced, running, jumping, pulling his head forward". [5,
92]
Ancient
Neolithic pastoralists, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age and later nomads to carve same
images: mountain goats, horses, mouflon, deer, wolves, snow leopards, hunting
scenes and military battles, ritual magic and mythological subjects. Just as
intricate mosaic petroglyphs architectonic complex story. The
author sees the border scenes of ancient petroglyphs formed by closed lines.
Equal to the composition of the novel is constructed within the framework set
in the history of chronotopes past and present. In the role straight
lines separating them, act story line old Elen, who, telling about the past,
and talked about the lines - roads: three lines and three roads - the war, life
and eternity.
Mediators
in space and time are the memory of Elen, rock paintings, the fingers on the
strings, music of dombra. Memory creates images that come to life in a duel
petroglyphs stallions Blue and Winged silhouette horse on the background of
evening twilight, easily and gracefully running a strange beast - the wolf-fox. Story
of the Past is interrupted sound of an airplane or matured time midnight. But
the legend continues and the dead of night, until dawn, when is filled the
Golden Dawn and night shadow goes to the mountains to the lowlands and caves. The
story ends and the ends of the earth the way the old man Elen, rushed, despite
his frailty and doom act, separate faced in mortal combat stallions.
"An
infinite path nomad measured cycle time runs horse (space steppe in the
five-month path width). Orientation in space is defined with respect to the
four sides of the earth. The movement is determined by the sun, with the
direction to the east. The spatial characteristics are based on a vertical sky
- earth, horizontal : east (front), west (back), south (right), north (left)
". [ 6, 82]
"Satybaldy
dragged tall wether for the yurt, pushed, grabbed his legs above the hooves of
a rope, putting them criss-cross each other, and by expanding the head to the
southwest, slashed his throat with a knife". [4, 245]
"The
Expendables, continuous noise of life met the land morning. Everything around
lived, ringing, moving. The light flaring up in the morning entered the yurt,
mingled with the glow of a dying fire and fell face Secker ... On the hill
where Secker stood for many days, buried his wife Botakan . On her favorite
hill to hear the wind whistling and the clatter of horses, and saw the waves of
Uil and white road on which it will come and go from distant
battles".[4,33]
The
overall meaning of the story "The Tale of nomad" comes down to the
importance of preserving the continuity of modern people's life to the moral
and ethical values of the past. They, in the understanding of the author, and
therefore the value that can inherently be renewed and updated in the quest
contemporaries own sovereign path of development. Accompany your creations
Explanatory notes to the translation and meaning of words and realities, the
author could easily create a parallel metatekst works in extended deep comments
to those events, which have become a canvas fable of his narrative. Especially
that "internal measure" genre Sanbaev's story on the organization
is in some kind of border with the historical novel field. Thus, the authors
are interested in a particular historical moment, the conflict, which is
expressed in a political crisis and is associated with the specifics of the
era. A similar role is played by repetitive plot situations - in the first
place, the choice of the protagonist of life's journey, fight and win (defeat) as
the culmination of this path. So, the experience of Bulat in the story "When
crave myth" perceived quintessential understanding our contemporary way:
"Bulat
heard breathing rocks stored on your stones departed people, understand
dumbness warm hills and silent wisdom cold mountains. Rough feelings Bulat,
freed from all superficial as it came to life again worsened. And
he thought, as well, that he still returned to his homeland, where the left is
still in infancy, which again adopted him this expensive world, which is always
unnoticeably but firmly lived in his heart. The joy and amazement
filled his soul, a keen sense he knew that a little closer to the world and the
hidden mysteries of the ancient artists and architects. He saw himself as a
creator ... " [4, 142]
All
six novels, packed in the same book, reminiscent of placer of small glittering
in the sun many facets of sand splinter once by boulders and efforts evolved
into a small similarity mother mountains. Reflecting a bygone
faces, words, emotions and life, they have become the focus of memory, they are
covered with centuries paves the caravan and nomadic ways.
Such
is the specificity of the symbolic semantics concept path as universal world
culture, in prose of one of the most prominent national writers of Kazakh literature of the twentieth century -
Satimzhan Sanbaev.
References:
1.
Popova Z., Sternin I. Cognitive Linguistics. – M .: AST, East-West, 2007.
2.
Neroznak V. Theory of Literature: the old and the new paradigm // Russian
Literature: From the Theory of Literature to the structure of the text.
Anthology /, ed. Ed. VP Neroznak. – M., 1997.
3.
Leo Tolstoy Favorites. – M., 1986
4.
Sanbaev S . White Aruana. – M., 2003.
5.
Maryashev N. Seven Rivers reveals the secrets of ancient petroglyphs. – Almaty,
2003