DIFFERENTIATION OF LEGAL REGULATION OF WORK OF CIVIL SERVANTS AS A PROBLEM DIRECTION OF REALISATION OF A PRINCIPLE OF UNITY AND DIFFERENTIATION OF LEGAL REGULATION OF LABOUR RELATIONS

Lavrinenko O.V., Candidate of Jurisprudence, Senior Lecturer, Donetsk Legal Institute of Lugansk State University of Internal Affairs of E.A. Didorenko

Differentiation of Legal Regulation of Work of Civil Servants as a Problem Direction of Realisation of a Principle of Unity and Differentiation of Legal Regulation of Labour Relations

Results spent by the author of the given publication of researches [1-7] became the basis for following conclusions and generalisations. The operating labour legislation of Ukraine does not allow to define «vector» of differentiation of legal regulation unequivocally. The code of laws on work contains norm that features of regulation of work of some categories of workers are established by the legislation (articles 3, 7 Labour Code of Ukraine). Thus it is necessary to mean, that if in article 7 the Labour Code in the edition operating till December, 15th, 1993, it was provided, that «other features of regulation of work of some categories of workers and employees on separate questions can be established only by laws of USSR and decisions of Ministerial council of the USSR» for today such position in this article the legislator is withdrawn. Hence, neither laws, nor the governmental order cannot establish other features of regulation of work of other categories of workers, except what are specified in article (working in areas with special natural geographical both geological conditions and conditions of the raised risk for health, for time and seasonal workers, and also other bases for dismissal of some categories of workers). At the same time in article 9 the Labour Code of Ukraine position that treaty provisions about the work, worsening position of workers in comparison with the legislation on work, are void is fixed. Thus according to article 9-1 the Labour Code of Ukraine of the enterprise, the organisation and establishment within the powers and at the expense of own means can establish additional in comparison with the legislation labour and social privileges for workers. These legal instructions form «uniform system not deterioration working conditions». Thus, norms of the Code of laws on work are the norms defining only a minimum level of the labour and social rights of workers which can be raised on places if on that there are own means of the enterprise. In similar conclusions results also the analysis of concrete formulations of the legislation. For example, the proprietor or the body authorised by it has not the right to demand from the worker of performance of the work which have been not caused by the labour contract (article 31 the Labour Code of Ukraine); cancellation of the labour contract concluded for uncertain term, can be made the proprietor or the body authorised by it only in the cases defined in the law (the articles 40-41 the Labour Code of Ukraine); normal duration of working hours cannot exceed 40 hours per week (article 50 the Labour Code of Ukraine); overtime works should not exceed for each worker of four hours within two days on end and 120 hours per year (article 65 the Labour Code of Ukraine). The text of the law, its categoriality testify that level of the rights and guarantees is initial, minimum, corresponding to any legal relation, and the separate legal statuses fixed in the legislation on work, have imperative character. So, according to article 3 the Labour Code of Ukraine of feature of work of separate categories of workers can be established by the legislation, charters of the enterprises, but guarantees on employment, a labour safety, work of women, youth and invalids are given in an order provided by the legislation on work.

The operating Labour Code of Ukraine does not contain accurate instructions on possibility of an establishment of features in regulation of work of civil servants, including workers of law-enforcement bodies. Such position essentially complicates practice on law application, realisation of fundamental laws and freedom of civil servants. It is desirable to bring the section devoted to features of legal regulation of work of separate categories of workers in structure of the Code. Here it is possible to carry the norms of the labour legislation extending the action on civil servants, including on workers of law-enforcement bodies, military men and other categories of citizens. Let it will be sent norms, but they should be brought in uniform structure. The norms of the labour legislation containing in other laws, should correspond to the present code. For this purpose it is necessary to add the article 7 Labour Code of Ukraine, in particular, position about limits of action of the Code concerning civil servants and about admissible features in legal regulation of their work regarding employment, application of summary punishments, the bases of cancellation of the labour contract, i.e. Those questions which already have found the reflexion in the special legislation. We will notice, that in the literature the opinion that the labour right regulates work of a certain category of workers if it «is provided by charters, positions and other special legislation» was expressed. Such approach, from the point of view of appropriate realisation of a principle of unity and differentiation of legal regulation of working conditions, is represented to us disputable. The differentiation of legal regulation of work is inevitable. The question consists only in defining borders and initial level of differentiation of legal regulation of work of different categories of civil servants. It is thought, that differentiation of legal regulation of work in particular, workers of law-enforcement bodies of Ukraine who pass the state «semimilitarized» service, it is necessary to spend in a case when it is demanded by specificity of their work, the purposes and problems of service and in the limits established by the general norms of the legislation on work. In unusual cases when working conditions naturally lead to deterioration of position of workers, it is necessary to provide at level of the special law or the Code of laws on work real minimum indemnifications in sphere of a payment, social privileges, social security, etc. for deterioration of a legal status of the worker.

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