Ðåãèñòðàöèîííûé   ¹ 60904

                               Ìàòåìàòèêà / Äèôôåðåíöèàëüíûå è èíòåãðàëüíûå óðàâíåíèÿ

 

Êàíä. ôèç.-ìàò. íàóê, ïðîôåññîð Õàéðóëëèí Å.Ì.

 

Êàçàõñêèé íàöèîíàëüíûé òåõíè÷åñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò èì. Ê.È. Ñàòïàåâà,

 ã. Àëìàòû, Ðåñïóáëèêà Êàçàõñòàí

 

Ðåøåíèå îäíîãî êëàññà ñèíãóëÿðíûõ èíòåãðàëüíûõ óðàâíåíèé

 

 ðàáîòå èññëåäóåòñÿ ðàçðåøèìîñòü ñèíãóëÿðíîãî èíòåãðàëüíîãî óðàâíåíèÿ (ÑÈÓ) â äâóìåðíîì ñëó÷àå, âñòðå÷àþùååñÿ ïðè ðåøåíèè êðàåâûõ çàäà÷ äëÿ ïàðàáîëè÷åñêèõ èíòåãðî–äèôôåðåíöèàëüíûõ óðàâíåíèé, êîãäà êðàåâîå óñëîâèå ñîäåðæèò ïðîèçâîäíûå ïîðÿäêà, ïðåâûøàþùèõ ïîðÿäîê óðàâíåíèÿ.

Ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ ÑÈÓ

                                      (1)

â îáëàñòè       

ãäå

              ,         (2)

- çàäàííûå ïîñòîÿííûå; - ïîëîæèòåëüíàÿ ïîñòîÿííàÿ;      

ÿäðî  óäîâëåòâîðÿåò íåðàâåíñòâó

        ,             (3)

çàäàííàÿ ôóíêöèÿ  è  óäîâëåòâîðÿåò íåðàâåíñòâó

  .                              (4)

Ìîæíî ïîêàçàòü, ÷òî

                                                (5)

Ñëåäóåò çàìåòèòü, ÷òî âî âòîðîì ñëàãàåìîì ÑÈÓ (1) íåñîáñòâåííûé èíòåãðàë îò ÿäðà  â ñèëó îöåíêè (3), âîîáùå ãîâîðÿ, ñõîäèòñÿ íåàáñîëþòíî.

Äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ óðàâíåíèÿ (1) â êëàññå ðàñòóùèõ ôóíêöèé âèäà (4), ðàññìîòðèì ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå Ôóðüå îáîáùåííûõ ôóíêöèé, îïðåäåëÿåìûõ íåïðåðûâíûìè ôóíêöèîíàëàìè âèäà

                                               (6)

         Îáîçíà÷èì ÷åðåç  ñîâîêóïíîñòü âñåõ îáîáùåííûõ ôóíêöèé, äåéñòâóþùèõ â ïðîñòðàíñòâå  ÷åðåç ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå Ôóðüå äëÿ ôóíêöèè .

         Â îñíîâó îïðåäåëåíèÿ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ Ôóðüå äëÿ ëþáîé îáîáùåííîé ôóíêöèè  ïîëîæèì ðàâåíñòâî

.                                               (7)

Îïðåäåëåííûé ïî ýòîé ôîðìóëå ôóíêöèîíàë äåéñòâóåò â ïðîñòðàíñòâå  äâîéñòâåííîì ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê .

         Åñëè ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå Ôóðüå äåéñòâóåò â ïðîñòðàíñòâå  îñíîâíûõ ôóíêöèé  , òî ïî (7) èìååì

                 ,                                                                     (8)

.                                  (9)

         Äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ óðàâíåíèÿ (1) èñòîëêîâûâàåì åãî êàê óðàâíåíèå îòíîñèòåëüíî îáîáùåííûõ ôóíêöèé  çàâèñÿùèõ îò ïàðàìåòðà  è ïðèíàäëåæàùèõ ïî  ê íåêîòîðîìó ôèêñèðîâàííîìó ïðîñòðàíñòâó , êîòîðîå, òàê æå êàê è ïðîñòðàíñòâî  îñíîâíûõ ôóíêöèé,  áóäåò îïðåäåëåíî íèæå.

         Ïðèìåíÿåì ê îáåèì ÷àñòÿì (1) ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå Ôóðüå äëÿ îáîáùåííûõ ôóíêöèé, îïðåäåëÿåìîå ðàâåíñòâîì (7). Ñ ïîìîùüþ (8) è (9) ìû ïîëó÷èì èíòåãðàëüíîå óðàâíåíèå, äåéñòâóþùåå â ïðîñòðàíñòâå :

,                     (10)

ãäå

          .                (11)

         Ïðîáëåìà åäèíñòâåííîñòè ðåøåíèÿ óðàâíåíèé (1) è (10) ýêâèâàëåíòíà â ñèëó èçîìîðôèçìà ìåæäó ïðîñòðàíñòâàìè    è .

         Ðàññìîòðèì óðàâíåíèå (10) ñíà÷àëà ñ êëàññè÷åñêîé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ è ïðèìåíèì ê íåìó îïåðàöèîííûé ìåòîä.   Èçîáðàæåíèå îðèãèíàëà  îáîçíà÷èì ÷åðåç .

 Òîãäà

                                    ,                      (12)

ãäå     .

         Óðàâíåíèå 

                                                 (13)

áóäåì íàçûâàòü õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêèì óðàâíåíèåì (1). Ïóñòü  êîðíè ýòîãî óðàâíåíèÿ ñ êðàòíîñòüþ ñîîòâåòñòâåííî  

 

 

Òîãäà

,                          (14)

ãäå îïðåäåëåííûé êîýôôèöèåíò, çàâèñÿùèé òîëüêî îò  

Èçâåñòíî [2], ÷òî

,

ãäå

.

         Îòñþäà

              ,                  (15) 

ãäå

        

.               (16)

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ðåøåíèå óðàâíåíèÿ (10) ìîæíî ïåðåïèñàòü òàê: 

,                                 (17)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

ãäå                   

                         ,                    (18)

ïðè÷åì  îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ðàâåíñòâîì (16).

         Î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî  óäîâëåòâîðÿåò èíòåãðàëüíûì óðàâíåíèÿì ðåçîëüâåíòû ÿäðà .

         Èç (11) è (16) âèäíî, ÷òî ,  - öåëûå ôóíêöèè îòíîñèòåëüíî  è èõ ðîñò ðàâåí 2. Ïîýòîìó ýòè ôóíêöèè ÿâëÿþòñÿ ìóëüòèïëèêàòîðàìè â ïðîñòðàíñòâå  ïðè  .

         Åñëè  - îáîáùåííàÿ ôóíêöèÿ, äåéñòâóþùàÿ â ïðîñòðàíñòâå  òî îáîáùåííàÿ ôóíêöèÿ , îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ ôîðìóëîé (17), äåéñòâóåò â  Ïîýòîìó, ïðîèçâîäÿ âû÷èñëåíèå ïî ïàðàìåòðó  ñ ïîìîùüþ óðàâíåíèé ðåçîëüâåíòû ÿäðà  ìîæíî äîêàçàòü, ÷òî  ðåøåíèå óðàâíåíèÿ (10), äåéñòâóþùåå â

Òåîðåìà åäèíñòâåííîñòè ðåøåíèÿ óðàâíåíèÿ (10) î÷åâèäíà, òàê êàê ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåå îäíîðîäíîå óðàâíåíèå èìååò òîëüêî íóëåâîå ðåøåíèå, äåéñòâóþùåå â  Åñëè  òî êëàññ îñíîâíûõ ôóíêöèé, îòâå÷àþùèé çàäà÷å ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ è åäèíñòâåííîñòè ðåøåíèÿ, äâîéñòâåíåí , ò.å. ãäå

 .

         Ôóíêöèîíàëàìè íà ïðîñòðàíñòâå , â ÷àñòíîñòè, ñëóæàò âñå îáû÷íûå ôóíêöèè , óäîâëåòâîðÿþùèå íåðàâåíñòâó

    ,                (19)

         Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìû ïðèõîäèì ê ñëåäóþùåé òåîðåìå:

         Òåîðåìà 1. Åñëè  óäîâëåòâîðÿåò íåðàâåíñòâó (19), òî ðåøåíèå óðàâíåíèÿ (1)ñóùåñòâóåò â êëàññå îáîáùåííûõ ôóíêöèé  è ýòî ðåøåíèå åäèíñòâåííî.

         Åñëè êîðíè õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêîãî óðàâíåíèÿ (13) óäîâëåòâîðÿþò íåðàâåíñòâó

,                                                 (20)

ò.å. ëåæàò ìåæäó âåòâÿìè ãèïåðáîëû  íà êîìïëåêñíîé ïëîñêîñòè, òî òàêèå êîðíè íàçîâåì  óñòîé÷èâûìè.

         Òåïåðü ïîêàæåì, ÷òî åñëè êîðíè õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêîãî óðàâíåíèÿ (13) óäîâëåòâîðÿþò íåðàâåíñòâó (20), òî ðåøåíèå óðàâíåíèÿ (1) ñóùåñòâóåò â êëàññå îáû÷íûõ ôóíêöèé. Äëÿ ýòîãî ïðåäïîëîæèì, ÷òî, ôóíêöèÿ   ïðèíàäëåæèò ïðîñòðàíñòâó  îòíîñèòåëüíî ïåðâîãî àðãóìåíòà.

         Ïðèìåíÿÿ îáû÷íîå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå Ôóðüå ê îáåèì ÷àñòÿì óðàâíåíèÿ (1), ïîëó÷èì óðàâíåíèå (10), ðåøåíèå êîòîðîãî áóäåò (17). Åñëè âñå êîðíè õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêîãî óðàâíåíèÿ óñòîé÷èâû, òî ïðèìåíÿÿ ê èç (18) îáðàòíîå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå Ôóðüå, áóäåì èìåòü:

,                   (21)

ãäå

 

                       (22)

,

ïðè÷åì ÿäðî  óäîâëåòâîðÿåò ñëåäóþùåé îöåíêå

  ,         (23)

ïîëîæèòåëüíûå ïîñòîÿííûå, .

Ìîæíî ïîêàçàòü, ÷òî ðåçîëüâåíòà, îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ âûðàæåíèåì (22), óäîâëåòâîðÿåò èíòåãðàëüíûì óðàâíåíèÿì

    

(24)

  

è                                            .                                            (25)

 ñèëó íåðàâåíñòâà (23) è ðàâåíñòâà (24) íåòðóäíî óáåäèòüñÿ,  ÷òî èíòåãðàë â ôîðìóëå (21) ñõîäèòñÿ, åñëè çàäàííàÿ ôóíêöèÿ  óäîâëåòâîðÿåò íåðàâåíñòâó (4)  è   óñëîâèþ Ãåëüäåðà îòíîñèòåëüíî  

Íà îñíîâàíèè óðàâíåíèÿ ðåçîëüâåíòû (24), îáû÷íûì ñïîñîáîì ëåãêî óáåäèòüñÿ, ÷òî ôóíêöèÿ , îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ ôîðìóëîé (21), ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåøåíèåì óðàâíåíèÿ (1). Êðîìå òîãî, ìîæíî óêàçàòü ñëó÷àé, äëÿ êîòîðîãî óðàâíåíèå (1) íå èìååò ðåøåíèÿ ïðè íåóñòîé÷èâîñòè êîðíÿ õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêîãî óðàâíåíèÿ, íàïðèìåð: .

         Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïîëó÷àåì ñëåäóþùóþ òåîðåìó.

Òåîðåìà 2. Åñëè ôóíêöèÿ   è óäîâëåòâîðÿåò íåðàâåíñòâó (4),  òî ïðè âûïîëíåíèè óñëîâèÿ ðàçðåøèìîñòè (20), ñóùåñòâóåò ðåøåíèå ÑÈÓ (1) , îïðåäåëÿåìàÿ ôîðìóëîé (21).

 

Ëèòåðàòóðà

1. Ãåëüôàíä È.Ì. è Øèëîâ Ã.Å. Ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå Ôóðüå áûñòðî ðàñòóùèõ ôóíêöèé è âîïðîñû åäèíñòâåííîñòè ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷è Êîøè. Óñïåõè ìàò.íàóê, 1953, ò. VIII, âûï.6(58)

2. Õàéðóëëèí Å.Ì. Îá îäíîé ñèñòåìå èíòåãðî-äèôôåðåíöèàëüíûõ óðàâíåíèé â êëàññå îáîáùåííûõ ôóíêöèé. Èçâ. ÀÍ Êàç.ÑÑÐ, Ñåð. Ôèç-ìàò., 1970, ¹5,

ñ. 54-59.