Экономические науки/14. Экономическая теория

Candidate of economic science Uakhitova G.,

Master student Alimkulova A.

Karaganda economic university of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Kazakhstan

LEISURE TIME AS AN ELEMENT OF CULTURAL TOURISM IN KAZAKHSTAN

Tourism is one of the important impulses for our modern culture. It stimulates a new research and a new inclusion of infamous scope in national, historical and art culture. It develops a good chance to broaden a cultural potential. Nowadays different subjects increase their activity in culture, create a cultural product, raise cultural initiatives, and develop various interactive services. Number of commercial and nonprofit organizations having their influence on a cultural sphere increases in Kazakhstan and all over the world.

Globalization strengthens mutual cultural influence, saves territorial peculiarities, and develops the government support and various forms of traditional national culture.

Cultural establishments, perfection concerning a leisure time organization are an actual problem. So, it is necessary to solve it using different directions. For instance: our economic device perfection; our conceptual creation in a new life; new points of view, concerning club workers, their activity are main directions for leisure time development.

Modern society changes people’s motivation choosing variants for the organization of such time. It causes a necessity to enlarge cultural establishment’s activity and methods of work constantly. Social wealth is based on cultural values, moral principles and traditions. Cultural and art support is one of the most important priorities for the government policy and realizes the following aims:

- To increase assets towards a cultural financing in 2 times;

- To increase budget organizations’ profit;

- To support and stimulate the development of a theatre, a cinema, music, literature, drawing and other kinds of art;

- To strengthen an assistance concerning children educational establishments, rebuilding and development of libraries and clubs in our country;

- To help perspective literature and art specialists using grants and scholarships;

- To continue “cultural inheritance” programme realization which directions consists of historic-cultural and architectural monuments’ rebuilding and saving;

- To stimulate publishing and sponsors’ activity;

- To prevent a pornography development.

Nowadays there is a lack of cultural and entertainment centres in Kazakhstan. (look table below). According to the statistics dates there 7778 cultural objects in our republic. These organizations include 53% – libraries, 40% – club establishments. Park is the most visited place for our people (13 001,7 thousand of people); 7565,7 thousand of people like cinemas.

Cultural organization in Kazakhstan Republic, 2009 year

Name of a cultural object	Number	Visits (thousand of people)
Theatre	57	2054,2
Circus	5	179,2
Museum	204	4237,7
Zoo	4	659,8
Concert organization	69	2709,5
Club	3119
Library	4116	4 400,6
Cinema	124	7565,7
Park	80	13001,7
Totally:	7778
Note: statistic agency dates

Basic indicators of a circus activity in Kazakhstan, 2009 year

Region, Kazakhstan	Circus, number	Performance, number	Visitors, Number, Thousand of people
Kazakhstan Republic	5	225	179,2
Western Kazakhstan region	1	40	3,0
Karaganda	1
Astana	1	93	101,6
Almaty	2	92	74,6
Note: statistic agency dates

As you can see from the table there are five circuses in Kazakhstan. They are situated in Karaganda, Astana, Almaty and in Western Kazakhstan region. According to K.B. Bayzhanov concert union 8 circus programmes were performed in 2010 year: “Water circus”, “King and tigers”, “Dolphin show’, “Elephant show”, “Young stars festival”, “Dancing hippo”, “Coliseum- Saint-Petersburg circus” , “Triumph XXI century”, “Winter fairy tale in a summer night”.

Artists use their programmes for 8-10 times. Such programmes include charitable performances for children houses, boardings for disabled people and veterans of our region.

According to K.B. Bayzhanov concert union there are 1639 places in Karaganda circus. Number of visitors is 70-80 %.

According to official web-page www.circus-astana.kz there are 2000 places in Astana circus. Number of performances is 93, 2009 year. These programmes, visitors are 101,6 thousand of people. Consequently preparing one performance you have a chance to see about 1090 people, 54,5 %.

There is the same situation in Kazakhstan theatres. For instance there is 1 theatre (660 places, Table №2) on Kyzylorda city. About 192 plays were performance in 2009 year. Such plays were visited by 45,3 thousand of people. It means that 1 performance was visited by 236 people (35,8 %). You can see such tendency in other Kazakhstan regions. Look at the Table №3 and it is necessary to determine basic theatre indicators in 2009 year.

Number of theatres and basic theatre indicators of Kazakhstan in 2009

Kazakhstan region	Theatre number	Number of performances	Number of people (thousand of these ones)	Number of places
Kazakhstan Republic	57	12 534	2 054,2	18 422
Akmola region	2	499	79,2	450
Aktobe region	3	824	115,3	625
Almaty region	1	109	13,4	290
Atyrau region	1	75	9,4	587
Western Kazakhstan region	3	542	90,2	566
Zhambyl region	2	386	53,5	922
Karaganda region	5	1 137	209,0	1 755
Kostanay region	3	891	131,0	962
Kyzylorda region	1	192	45,3	660
Mangystau region	2	402	53,0	400
Southern Kazakhstan region	8	2395	315,3	2 570
Pavlodar region	2	295	51,9	800
Northern Kazakhstan region	3	597	99,1	1 017
Eastern Kazakhstan region	2	511	129,6	765
Astana city	5	1917	137,7	948
Almaty city	14	1762	521,3	5 105
Note: statistic agency data

As you can see from Table №3 the majority of theatres are situated in South Kazakhstan (8), Karaganda region (5), Almaty (14), Astana (5). Consequently the major part of visitors in Almaty (521,3 thousand of people). The smallest part of theatres is situated in Almaty region (B. Rimova Taldykorgan drama theatre, by Almaty region akim), Atyrau (M. Utemisov regional drama theatre), Kyzylorda (N. Bekezhanov regional drama theatre).

Basic indicators of theatres in 2005-2009

Indicator name	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Number of theatres	51	53	55	57	57
Number of performances	9 524	9 830	10 219	10 979	12 534
Number of visitors (thousand of people)	1 795,0	1 835,7	1 827,0	1 930,0	2 054,2
Number of places	19 078	18 556	18 233	18 380	18 422
Note: statistic agency dates

There were about: 51 theatre in 2005 year, 57 ones were in 2009 year in Kazakhstan Republic. Number of plays was increased from 9524 till 12 534 performances a year. (2005-2009 year) – 31,6 %.

Last 5 years it is necessary to notice that a number of visitor’s places was reduced till 650 ones. From 2005-2009 year you can see a growth tendency towards theatre visitors in 3% a year. In 2009 year visitor’s number was increased by 6 % – 2054,2 thousand of people in comparison with 2008 year. (1930,0 thousand of people in 2008 year). So, it shows us a slow interest concerning theatre performances among Kazakhstan population.

By the way one of the most attractive places for Kazakhstan population is a cinema.

Basic indicators of cinema activity in Kazakhstan Republic, 2009 year

Kazakhstan region	Number of cinemas	Number of a moving-picture	Visits (thousand of people)	Number of places
Kazakhstan Republic	83	243 354	7565,7	32 178
Akmola region	1	2 392	94,8	327
Aktobe region	3	4 629	274,1	1 152
Almaty region	2	4 361	35,1	634
Atyrau region	2	6 865	237,8	570
Western Kazakhstan region	8	16 976	204,4	1 869
Zhambyl region	2	1 557	41,5	415
Karaganda region	7	22 236	521,7	2 469
Kostanay region	5	5 343	266,3	1 465
Kyzylorda region	2	314	19,9	328
Mangystau region	6	7 287	293,0	2 057
Southern Kazakhstan region	6	17 540	411,7	2 036
Pavlodar region	5	11 240	243,2	1 893
Nothern Kazakhstan region	2	2 070	30,4	504
Eastern Kazakhstan region	5	14 580	334,8	2 208
Asrana city	6	44 247	1 270,0	5 184
Almaty city	21	81 717	3 287,0	9 067
Note: statistic agency dates

The major number of cinemas (25,3 % from total number of Kazakhstan cinemas)is situated in Almaty. The reason is that this city is a scientific, historical, and financial centre of the country. According to statistics agency dates a number of cinemas was reduced from 86 till 83 units. However a number of visitors was increased in 74,8 %. Number of moving-picture show was 243,4 thousand in 2009 year, 111.0 thousand – 2005.

Number of moving-picture show in Kazakhstan Republic in 2009 year

Indicator’s name	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Cinema, units	86	76	77	77	83
Number of prepeared moving-picture show (thousand)	111,0	130,7	172,3	238,5	243,4
Including:
For adults	77,0	93,5	122,4	170,8	185,8
For children	34,0	37,2	49,9	67,7	57,6
Number of visited moving-picture show (thousand)	4 327,3	5 696,1	6 414,1	7 023,4	7 565,6
Including:
adults	2 779,8	3 907,7	4 178,2	4 972,6	5 438,2
children	1 547,5	1 788,4	2 235,9	2 050,8	2 127,4
Note: statistic agency data

Average age of cinema visitors is 35 years. Major part of visitors is from 16-20 years. If you are more than 30 years so you visit such places not often. 1/3 of people goes to the cinema with friends, 1/3 with beloved people, 1/10 – alone people [2].

Majority of Kazakh people visit cultural establishments with friends, with a husband (a wife), all family is less. Cognitive aims are realized by a small part of population, the major part of people like to have a rest in an interesting form.

Statistic agency dates show us that from 2005 till 2009 year a number of entertainment centres visits was increased. Goings to the theatres increased by 14 %, circuses by 4 times, museums by 20 %, zoo by 37 %, concert organizations by 16 %, cinemas by 75 %, parks 15%, and library readers by 9%.

Analysis of a quality dynamics concerning cultural organizations in Kazakhstan Republic from 2005 till 2009 year shows us that a number of cultural objects were increased by 18%, zoo – 4.

However in spite of the growth of leisure objects visits an offer services is more than in 2 times.

According to our statistics the most attractive form of rest for Kazakhstan young people is not theatres and circuses, but computer games, cinemas, KVN and others. Preference is for different forms of activity which have a direction to increase their competitiveness to strength health, to create an attractive look, to develop communicative qualities.

Basic reasons which explain seldom visits of cultural and entertainment organizations of Kazakhstan population is a lack of free time and expensive tickets’ cost.

Thus, you can pick out the following problems for cultural establishments’ activity in Kazakhstan.

- negative processes in a spiritual life , a lost of moral orients, an absence of cultural and art interest;

- financial reduction of cultural organizations and leisure time enterprises;

- socially-economic difficulties of our society: small level of a salary in comparison with cultural services cost;

- insufficient government attention towards leisure time organizations;

- absence of an effective service renovation on the base of monitoring;

- insufficient effective work to promote a cultural product, to develop art preferences, to form population demand;

- specialists’ lack of an experience concerning a mutual cultural performance in politician and business structures.

Demand to study and develop the tourism sphere is based on your comprehension of a cultural activity’s importance, necessity to create conditions for the realization of history, religion, traditions, life peculiarities of other nations. Full understanding about such people directions is formed as a result of different cultural subjects interaction.

Moral society health is based on a high level of culture and traditions!

Literature:

1. www.circus-astana.kz

2. www.newizv.ru/news

3. State programme of tourism developing in Kazakhstan Republic 2007-2011 year