Yakovlev P.O., Scientific
supervisor: Lavlinskyy R.A.
Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade
named after Mikhailo Tugan-Baranovsky
Ukraine’s
social policy and its peculiarities
In the current
conditions in Ukraine, the most important in the context of social policy is
what policy changes significantly in comparison to that practiced in the USSR.
Changes due to: the cardinal political restructuring of society (the transition
from totalitarianism to democracy); intensive social stratified (distribution,
development of new social groups (executions) in society); change of social
support mechanisms of various segments of the population, especially children,
youth and families.
However, any
transformation and the processes that take place today in the Ukrainian
society, an integral component and an important mechanism for the restructuring
of Ukraine as a social state, the formation of civil society is precisely the
social policy and social work as a practical form of implementing this policy.
In this case the same have been and remain: the scope of social policy, its
object and subject, the main lines of it, the mechanisms of implementation. In
the theoretical and practical terms, it has this form. Fields of activity of
social policy: social protection, employment, health, housing, education.
Object of social policy - the whole population. The subject of social policy -
the state.
There are
three main areas of social policy:
1) prediction
of extreme events and, if need, the state guarantees to mitigate the input of
society in the balance after them;
2) the
reallocation of resources to ensure that all social groups in society a certain
standard of living for the removal of possible social unrest;
3) regulation
of the life of citizens and encouraging repressive means [3].
There are
several models of implementation of social policy. Two of them are considered
major - social democratic and liberal.
Social-democratic
model of social policy includes, above all, the achievement of a society of
social justice, eliminating or at least mitigate the inequality in the
distribution of social, economic and other resources by reducing the difference
in status and income citizens. Such a model has been put forward sufficient
claims directly to the individual, reduces the role of personal incentives and
self-realization of man's struggle for his life [2].
Several other
of its features is a liberal model of social policy implementation, in which
the state provides virtually every citizen of a particular opportunity for
independent solution of its problems. State takes over on itself, only those
functions that can not implement their own man himself or some social groups
[3].
The main
problems of social policy in general include: provision of social guarantees,
health and employment, education, social services, to overcome anti-social
phenomena, social issues, young women, pensioners and other groups, effective
management of human resources, etc. [4]. This means that the specific social
programs in Ukraine should be designed with regard to such social problems.
Social policy
can be successfully implemented for conditions not only to develop an
appropriate strategy, creating the necessary mechanisms, but also due to the
necessary financial, material, resource maintenance. Referred to in the first
place, the necessary conditions for the functioning of education systems,
science, culture, health, social welfare, development and promotion of social
work.
The
Constitution (Article 3) states that a person, her life, health, honor, dignity,
integrity and security is the highest social value in the state [1], and
Article 46 provides a corresponding right of citizens to social security [1].
That is the state, in the broadest sense of its essence and purpose, which is
responsible primarily to a person before the public. And so real is the
essential feature of political and legal foundations of social policy in
general, the overall purpose of which is to create appropriate conditions for a
dignified life and free development, self-realization and self-help man.
The main directions
of Ukraine’s social policy since the proclamation of state independence were
certainly objectively:
1) income,
standard of living of citizens;
2) the
employment of nationals and the state of the labor market;
3) organization
and remuneration;
4) protection
of labor;
5) The
compulsory state social insurance;
6) housing
for the citizens and the like [4].
Ukraine’s social
policy in should go on the need for deep institutional transformations and be
focused on these principles:
1. Selection
of a close in an institutional model for social development and consistent
upgrading of existing institutional framework of the Ukrainian society.
2. The
combination of liberalism and social security, citizens' responsibility in his
life and health.
3. Moving the
"center of gravity" of the social policy of the policies that are
associated with changes of quantitative parameters of the social situation.
Since social
policy in the largely belongs to the sphere of the spiritual, it is important
to bear in mind that the object of control in intellectual production is the
relationship between its managers and participants. In education, this is the
one who teaches and who learns, in a culture - one who supervises the process,
and the one who creates a product of art, literature, culture, social work -
the one who organizes, and one on whom it is sent directly. Social Policy
provides a crucial element of social control, ie management of the social
processes that occur in society.
Literature
1. 1. Конституція України: Прийнята на п’ятій
сесії Верховної Ради України 28 червня 1996р. – К.: Офіційне видавництво
Верховної Ради України, 1996. – 115с.
2. Атаманчук Г.В. Теорія державного управління. М.: 2000. – 607
с.
3. Лук’янова Н. Соціальна робота в Україні її трансформація
в сучасних умовах / Н. Лук’янова // політичний менеджмент. - 2009. -№ 5.-С.
150-156.
4.Щокін Г.В.
Соціальна теорія і кадрова політика: навч. посіб./Г.В. Щокін – К., 2000 – 488 с.