Орынбекова Г.Б.,Таджибаева А.А.

Региональный социально – инновационный университет

REPRESENTATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURES OF THE LITERARY CHARACTER IN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

The phraseological units (PhU) representing structures of knowledge of literary character are also widely presented in English phraseology. Phraseological units borrowed from V. Shakespeare's works are most numerous. According to A. V. Kunin, over 100 phraseological units from Shakespeare's works have enriched English [1]. Such expressions are recorded by dictionaries and are steady language units:

a fool's paradise ("Romeo and Juliet") - illusive happiness, the world of imaginations;

gild refined gold ("King John") - "to gild pure gold";

give the devil his due ("King Henry V") - to pay tribute to the opponent;

green-eyed monster ("Othello") (bookish) - "monster with green eyes", jealousy;

have an itching palm ("Julius Caesar") - to be a bribe taker; to be a self-interested, greedy person;

midsummer madness ("Twelfth Night") - insanity, a sheer madness;

milk of human kindness ("Macbeth") (Iron. ) - "starry-eyed idealism balm";

the observed of all observers ("Hamlet") - center of universal attention;

our withers are unwrung ("Hamlet") - the abuse doesn't touch us;

paint the lily ("King John") - "to tint color of a lily", i.e. to try to improve or decorate something, not needing improving and ornament;

the seamy side ("Othello") - the unattractive side, a wrong side something;

that's flat ("Love's Labour Lost") (colloquial) - (is finally solved), resolutely and irrevocably, shortly and clearly;

to one's heart's content ("Merchant of Venice") - in plenty, to the top of the bent, in plenty, thoroughly;

a triton among the minnows ("Coriolanus") is the giant among pygmies;

the wish is father to the thought ("King Henry IV") - desire generates a thought, people willingly believe what is wished, etc.

Stability of these expressions isn't caused any more by a factor of authoring accessory as they are the idioms which considerably lost the communication with the primary source:

If you don’t already have one, beg, borrow or buy Swiss Army knife … [March 1991. Esquire].

The friendly faces have gone, leaving a skyful of sterile dust, like the quintessence of dust, epitome of life [May 2005. The Sunday Times].

I am not a nice man. The public know what a vile, hateful, nasty piece of work I am [May 2005.The Sunday Times].

Music did that. Music hath charms. Shakespeare said. Quotations every day in the year. To be or not to be. Wisdom while you want (J. Joyce. Ulysses].

Further phraseological units follow from works of such classics of the English literature as Jeffrey Chaucer, John Milton, Johnathan Swift, Alexander Pop, Charles Dickens, Walter Scott, etc.

Jeffrey Chaucer: he needs a long spoon that sups with the devil ← communicated with the devil, you have only yourself to blame; murder will out ← murder will out; through thick and thin - is resolute, resistant, without looking on any hindrances.

John Milton: confusion worse confounded (bookish) - confusion, utter chaos ("Paradise Lost");

fall on evil days - to fall into poverty, to live in misery; to drag miserable existence; the light fantastic toe - dance ("L'Allegro"), etc.

Johnathan Swift:

all in the day's work - in the nature of things ("Polite Conversation");

all the world and his wife (iron.-1) one and all, there are a lot of to people; 2) all secular society, all "high society";

quarrel with one's bread and butter - to give up the occupation giving means of livelihood;

rain cats and dogs (in the same place);

a sight for sore eyes - a pleasant show, to heart a joy;

someone is walking over my grave - something a shiver scolds me.

Charles Dickens:

an Artful Dodger - the scoundrel;

rascal ("Oliver Twist");

Barkis is willing! - "Barkis wishes", I very much want ("David Copperfield");

in a Pickwickian sense (iron.) - "in a pickvicky sense", it is harmless ("Pickwick Papers");

King Charles's head - obsession, an insanity subject,

"hang-up" ("David Copperfield");

never say die - don't despair;

not to put too fine a point on it - saying straight, simply telling ("Bleak House");

prunes and prism - an affected manner to speak, ("Little Dorrit"), etc.

Walter Scott:

beard the lion in his den - to attack the dangerous enemy in his own dwelling ("Marmion");

a foeman worthy of smb.'s steel - the worthy opponent, the rival ("The Lady of the Lake");

laugh on the wrong side of one's mouth - to become gloomy after fun, from laughter to pass to tears ("Rob Roy"].

Thus, PhU represent various structures of knowledge of literary character. Sources of these PhU generally are works of the English classics (V. Shakespeare, D. Milton, V. Scott), the French, Danish writers (Francois Rabelais, Jean Baptiste Molière, La Fontaine, K. Andersen, etc.].

Literature:

1. Кунин А. В. Фразеология современного английского языка. М., 1972. -288 с.