Философия / 2. Социальная философия
Dr.
Sc.,
Professor Karabayeva A.G.
Dr. Sc., Professor Ismagambetova Z.N.
al-Faraby Kazakh National University, Republic of Kazakhstan
The social contents of tolerance
as value
The phenomenon of tolerance reflects
the process of accelerated cultural and value-oriented modernization and
transformation of the contemporary society. The principles of tolerance fix the
disputed nature of relations in the global social space. The factors of
tolerance are related to the variety of social and cultural contradictions as
well as the choice of ways to resolving them.
Values
of tolerance are reaction to the sensitivity of
"ethnic" contacts and the controversial nature of attitudes to
"traditional" values and much more. Tolerance is the subject of
active and dynamic social practice and a factor in the forming of models of
communication in modern society and culture. The values and
practice of tolerant behavior in modern society respond to the
"requests" and "challenges" of new social processes and
events of all levels of life of the society and man.
The
values of tolerance as forms of social relations reveal diverse social
and cultural expectations and norms as well as direction, prospects and scale
of social activity. The internal structure of tolerant behavior and attitudes
includes different values, types of reactions and motivational factors. The
phenomenon of tolerance has the most important practical function. Ignoring
tolerance as a norm of social relations and superficial interpretation of the
value of tolerance disorients the participants of social and cultural processes
and contacts, as well as researchers of this phenomenon [1, p. 5]. Neglect of
the factor of tolerance causes psychological and social destruction relative to
the most important types of interaction.
Values
of tolerance provide an opportunity for active social
modernization of society, harmonization and the establishment of a new quality
of cultural dialogue. Tolerant attitude determines the meaning and content of
new "standards" of life and communication in the global world. In
modern social theory and philosophy denies "common" or universal
definition of tolerance. Actual problems of tolerant behavior and relations
form the basis for an interdisciplinary and complex analysis of the phenomenon
of tolerance in philosophy, psychology and sociology. Modern social theory
reflects and characterizes the diversity and difference of the directions of
studies of the phenomenon of tolerance.
The
variety of scientific approaches to the problem of tolerance is connected with
real and everyday problems of the forming of policy of tolerance, tolerant attitudes
in society and in cultural sphere. Values of tolerant behavior
and communication are characterized in terms of their cultural functions.
Researchers of the phenomenon of tolerance remind about link between tolerance
and freedom factors, self-regulation, critical functions of consciousness as
well as individual characteristics of social and cultural subjects.
The
factors of tolerance in society are associated with various social norms and
requirements, dynamics of social conflicts, as well as with the diversity of
informal manifestations of social and cultural activity and identity. The
experience of tolerant behavior depends on temperament, type of personality,
"the direction of mental energy", from the dominance of one of the
"mental functions" of a person. Tolerance is often seen as a function
of the psyche as a whole and its "fickle" states.
The
main characteristics of tolerant behavior and communication are reflected in
the social and cultural functions of values of tolerance. Values
of tolerance are considered, first of all, as values
of communication and practical interaction of people. Norms of
tolerant behavior disclose and describe the instability, unsteadiness, dynamism,
subjectivity and "conflict" factors of social communication.
The
factors and qualities of tolerance are related to the specifics of obtaining
information, the practice of regulating social relations, the mechanisms of
cultural communication, models of behavior, motivations of human activity and
the functions of a social organization. Values of tolerance are
filled in modern society with deep cultural meaning and content. The values
of tolerance become the basis for the systematization of social
and cultural phenomena, presentations, norms, descriptions and evaluations.
Some researchers identify humanism and tolerance.
Thus, the factor of tolerance and the norms of tolerant behavior or
communication are manifesting in various and different levels of social relations
actively and ubiquitously. The variety of specific norms of tolerant
communication does not reach the level of "universal" or
"systematized" understanding of the value of tolerance. Any norms of
tolerance behavior reflect one aspect of the manifestation of tolerance in
social life. Tolerance norms are often associated with a particular model of
behavior or certain social standards. The most common definitions of tolerance or
the form of its manifestation do not cover many practical issues and important
aspects of the practice and experience of tolerance.
The
factor of tolerance penetrates not only into the issues of interrelations and
dialogue of cultures or ethnic groups. Problems of tolerance connect with
issues of social personal activity in the society, ubiquitous, practical and
everyday problems. The phenomenon of tolerance reflects the problematic
situation in theory and practice as well as the complex functional and
communicative content of problems and issues of behavior, upbringing and education: the upbringing of
the younger generation on the principles of tolerance; motivation for tolerant
behavior and tolerant responsibility of citizens of mature age; сreation of the "renovated" education system;
problems of civic education; tasks of cultural modernization in the society;
the forming of a positive attitude towards other cultural values.
Social actors are actively involved in information interaction in the contemporary
socio-economic ("civilizational") situation. Increase of aggression,
intolerant manifestations, phobias and also forming the negative image of the
"other" is a tendency of the development of information environment
and information culture. The modern educational environment is revealing as a
model for building intercultural, interethnic, interreligious relations in the
course of joint education and the forming of a multicultural education system,
especially in higher education [2, p. 12]. Education structures and
institutions are considering as particularly important for the forming of
policies and principles of tolerance in historically multinational and
multi-religious regions and states.
The
tolerant context of the forming of values and judgments of
members of the community is seen today as one of the most important and
essential characteristics of a genuine democratic development of society.
Values of tolerant behavior and communication are a prerequisite
not only for social, economic and cultural forms of integration, modernization
and social reforms but also the basis for elementary survival in the modern
economic, cultural and social space.
References
1.
Ismagambetova Z.N., Karabaeva A.G. Tolerantnost" kak sociokul"turnyjj
fenomen. – Almaty: Kazak universiteti, 2015
2.
Karabaeva A.G., Ismagambetova Z.N. Rol" obrazovatel"nyh strategijj v
formirovanii tolerantnogo mirovozzrenija i povedenija //Vestnik KazNU. Serija
filosofija. Serija kul"turologija. Serija politologija – 2 (47), 2014. – С. 12-23