Oneshko S.

Odessa National Maritime University, Ukraine

Evaluating the effectiveness of cost management

port operators

 

Modern economic conditions cause enterprises relevance search areas of effective organization of their financial and economic activities in order to achieve a sufficient level of profit for the successful operation and expansion. Among the factors that have a significant impact on firm performance, allocate costs, which leads to further explore the feasibility of improving the methods of their analysis to improve governance in this area.

In general, effective cost management requires timely response to market changes, detect the presence of and the reasons for deviations from the set level, allowing you to give them an objective assessment aimed at developing preventive rather than corrective action.

In modern conditions for port operators becomes relevant the question of determining the ratio of production and non-production costs, which allows to determine the structure of costs, depending on the functional activities with which they are associated.

It should be noted that there is no identical ports in the world, each different geographical location, climatic conditions, infrastructure, technical equipment, level of management and other factors that determine the amount of expenditure incurred by the port. On this basis, the structure of the costs that may arise in the port, is also not the same for all.

Given the specificity of port services special role acquire indicators of capacity expenses.

It is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of cost management based on the integral index, which will assess the rating of each member of the relevant market of port services.

Stepwise calculation of the integral index of efficiency of cost management is shown in Figure 1.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Figure 1. Stages of evaluating the effectiveness of cost management

 

As part of these methodological foundations proposed to calculate the aggregate indices components expense capacitance, service capacitance and effectiveness of cost management and bring them to the integral index of cost management. Using this index, you can determine the rating seaport (port operator). The composite index is assumed construction of the space efficiency of cost management and determining the potential effectiveness of cost management.

Calculation and analysis of expense capacitance indicators will allow to estimate the effectiveness of the use of certain types of resources to identify opportunities improve the cost structure, as well as to identify the reserves to reduce the cost of products and services of the port.

Analysis of service capacitance indicators will allow estimating the effectiveness of each type of service (cargo) and identifying ways to improve the tariff policy.

Evaluation indicators cost-effectiveness will evaluate the level of efficiency of handling and other services, the rationality and feasibility of the costs incurred by the port operator, their effectiveness.

Representations of the group of indicators allow a comparison with competitors.

As indicators expense capacitance and service capacitance directed to a minimum, cost efficiency - the maximum, then the definition of the relevant indices is somewhat different.

Indices expense capacitance and service capacitance determined

                                                                (1)

,                                                                (2)

where, – indexes i-th index in accordance expense capacitance and service capacitance j-th port (terminal), ³ = (1, n), j = (1, m);

, – calculated value of the i-th index in accordance expense capacitance and service capacitance j-th port (terminal);

,– the reference value of i-th index in accordance expense capacitance and service capacitance j-th port (terminal).

Index cost efficiency is defined

   ,                                                          (3)

where – index i-th indicator cost efficiency j-th port (terminal), ³ = (1, n), j = (1, m);

– calculated value of the i-th indicator cost efficiency j-th port (terminal);

 – the reference value of i-j indicator cost efficiency of the port (terminal).

Definition of composite indices expense capacitance, service capacitance and cost efficiency offered carried out by calculating the weighted averages of each group:

,     ,   ,     (4)

where  – the proportion of each index indicator included in the composite index expense capacitance, service capacitance and cost efficiency for the j-th port (terminal).

For a group of indicators expense capacitance and service capacitance share of each index is proposed to determine, based on the influence of each species in the cost structure of the port operator. Assessment of structure of expenditures and to determine the weighting factors is performed according to the statistics of the enterprises of port activity in the country, for which the estimated level of efficiency of cost management. The weight of indicators that make up the composite indices indicators cost efficiency, receive the same, as it is believed that the impact of each indicator on the composite indices and the integral index the effectiveness of cost management very important and equal.

Integral index of efficiency of cost management is proposed to calculate the arithmetic mean composite indexes:

,                              (5)

According to the obtained values of the integral index of the effectiveness of cost control a specific port (terminal) it is possible to:

- assess the level of effectiveness of cost management port operators compared to competing ports;

- define a port-leader in terms of efficiency of cost management;

- rank ports (terminals) for the composite index expense capacitance, service capacitance and cost efficiency, as well as the integral index of efficiency of cost management;

- if necessary, investigate the dynamics of the level of effectiveness of cost management over the years.

The larger the index - more effective of cost management port operators.

The space efficiency of cost management is a set of options defined by the relation of composite indexes expense capacitance, service capacitance and indicators cost efficiency that can reach any port operator. The most preferred option would be a very high level of efficiency of cost management.

The potential for effective cost management - a set of opportunities of port operators to improve the management costs, which would enhance the effectiveness of current and strategic activities in the port.

Due to the existence differences in the effectiveness of cost management of seaports, objectives, instruments and priorities of ports with different levels of efficiency potential cost management will be different. In the following ports appropriate to calculate the indicators over the years and analyze their dynamics.