Boiko M.
Institute of market problems
and economic & ecologically research, Ukraine
Classification threats to the
economic security of seaport
In the conditions of dynamic development of the national and global
economy management of the seaport is facing new challenges and problems which
require adequate solutions. Management aspect of seaport complicated
large-scale increase in information, complexity of tasks in strongly
competitive environment, the need to take into account of the many internal and
external factors and increased responsibility for the consequences of
decisions.
The
current level development of seaport requires the formation of both external
and internal environment. External dangers and threats arising outside the seaport
not related to its production activities. Internal factors associated with the
business operations of the company, its staff and due to the processes that
occur in the production and sale and can make an impact on the results of
activities.
Consider
the components of potential threats and dangers seaport more details.
1) Threats
of seaport at the legislative level. Imperfection of the legislative and regulatory framework governing
relations in the transport sector is manifested in various regulatory
provisions inconsistencies and cancellation of certain articles and the laws of
regarding taxes, property relations and contract law affecting the conditions
of production of seaport.
Necessary
to mean, that the effective
functioning of the seaport is one of the subjects of economic policy. This
situation is typical for medium or small countries that have one or more
seaports (Singapore, Netherlands, Belgium, etc.). Using state (municipal) property
and directing economic policies to address macroeconomic challenges, these
states reach a sufficiently high level of efficiency, dynamism and innovation
activities in their ports.
For the purpose of increasing cargo flows using different measures in
tariff policy, fiscal and customs system, which provides port system necessary
conditions for strengthening position in the international port business,
thereby increasing its economic security.
The
lack of effective mechanisms for monitoring compliance with laws and
requirements leads to an increase in cases of misconduct on the part of all
subjects (residents / non-residents, competitors, suppliers) involved in the
production and economic relations that much complicates the production process,
and promotes increased tension adversely affect the final result of the
enterprise.
2)
Threats of seaport at the legal level. Changes in the political situation, conducive to illegal activities of political parties, public
organizations and other associations and movements can lead to political
extremism and terrorism.
Uncontrolled
outflow of funds in the informal sector of the economy is through the creation
of offshore zones, mediation and other structures that contribute to the misuse
of budget funds, concealment of income acquired by illegal means and,
consequently, leads to the avoidance of taxation and is directly related to
corruption.
The
criminalization of society is manifested in corruption of officials, the growth
of economic crime and industrial and economic espionage. In addition, transport
facilities can be used in a criminal environment in order to smuggle, transport
weapons, explosives, drugs and others.
3)
Threats of seaport on territorial
and regional level. Disturbing
public order in a region where businesses operate, arising from the established
conditions for mass, group violations, blocking of transport. Threats in this
area arising from the particular situation in a particular locality, the region
where the company operates, can have a significant influence on the results of
management.
The
level of political and social tensions in some regions may lead to social and
labor conflicts, reducing the efficiency of the entire organization.
4) Threats of seaport to climatic level. The dangers associated with emergency situations of natural and man-made
lead to a breach of normal conditions of human activity on the object (or the
company), causing an accident, disaster, disaster and can lead to human or
material losses.
The
aggravation of contradictions between the development of productive forces and
technology, and the need to maintain a favorable environmental life of people
in the interaction between society and nature depend directly dependent on
balanced and comprehensive solving
the economic, social, environmental and technological problems and makes it
necessary to maintaining a healthy environment.
The
main factors increases of environmental violations are: irrational use of
natural resources, improper waste disposal, and violation of the rules of
environmental pollution of large areas that may compromise the hazardous
industrial accidents or environmental threats.
5)
The threats of the seaport at the
management level:
- omission
in tactical and strategic planning, linked primarily with the choice of target,
incorrect assessment of business opportunities, errors in forecasting;
- violation of the preservation of confidential information and computer
programs contamination of various kinds of computer viruses can lead to
unauthorized access of competitors to the confidential information is a trade
secret;
-
choice of unreliable partners, contractors and investors and, consequently,
loss procurement, loss or shortfall of income.
6) The
threats of the seaport in the information sector:
- discrepancy
in prevalence and use of world standards, due to the imperfection of the
national policy on information security;
- violation
of the regulations for collecting, processing and transmitting information, mistakes
in the design of information systems;
- increasing
dependence of transport information technology on supply of foreign technology.
7) The
threats of the seaport for social and staffing levels. The growth of social tension directly associated with
decreased in living standards and its ability to pay. Ensuring a high level of
human potential, satisfying people aspirations for professional fulfillment,
decent wages reduce the risk of threats in this area.
The lack of human capacity due to worsening demographic situation;
availability of human resources, the outflow of qualified personnel; incorrect
assessment or low competence of
managers directly affect competitiveness and profitability individual
enterprise success.
Lack of
monitoring compliance with the rules of labor discipline and safety standards
on transport lead to the rise the different disasters, what having a direct
impact on the manufacturing process, the life of workers and the general state
of the production system.
8)
Threats of seaport technological level:
- lack
of local raw materials and energy resources;
- lack
of transport and other communications leads to a lack of technological reliability
of safety;
- disruptions
in energy, water, heat supply, out of computer facilities leads to suspension
or to stop the production process, reducing the efficiency of resources and
directly affects the quality of the final product or work;
- unacceptable
wear basic production assets leads to moral stagnation of production and does
not meet modern production technologies.
9)
Threats of seaport on scientific and technical level:
- reduction
in funding from both public and private investors scientific and technical
areas, leading to cessation of the production system, without the possibility
of using science and advanced technologies, and as a consequence, the
competitiveness of enterprises;
-
imperfection system of training and retraining of scientific and professional
staff, leading to the formation of inefficient management staff and lack of
effective personnel reserve.
Consideration of potential threats to the functioning of the seaport on port
services market in modern conditions leads to the conclusion that the
assessment of economic security seaport should be made taking into account
possible changes in economic conditions, strengthening or weakening of
competition or recession. Gaining importance development tools to ensure
economic security of the seaport, the methods and techniques of assessment for
the best results management. Moreover, it is a question of organizational and
economic development tools that will help neutralize their own and external
threats seaport provided their interaction with other subjects throughout the
life cycle.