Utemgaliyeva N.A., Rskeldiyeva D.B., Aliakbarova A.T.

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Somatic phraseological units are units that form linguistic view of the world

The phraseological resource of any language denotes the unique cultural peculiarity, national psychology, entity of those people and the unshadowed portrait of their mentality. Every nation represents its concept of the universe and the world in its own language by means of different language factors, linguistic view of the world is mainly similar to logical reflection of the world in human perception.

The linguistic view of the world shows the entity and truth that form through the cultural mode of the world. A language is a part of culture as well as culture is a part of a language. Thus, the national view of the world is one of the issues related to a language.

Professor E.D. Suleimenova says: «The linguistic view of the world is considered to be an issue of different world views. Nowadays there are two concepts of the linguistic view of the world. The first one is not related to the exact languages and the difference between them, whereas the second one is connected to the linguistic view of the world that directs to the difference between languages like the system of lexical naming units formed with the participation of languages of exact nations [1, 136].

If we consider the linguistic view of the world as a reflection of national and cultural experience gained at all times and the whole of world views in a language that is spoken by a definite nation, somatic phraseological units in Kazakh and English as a part of language asset are considered to be language units that form the unique linguistic view of a nation.

Somatic phraseological units are not only language patterns of human perception of the world and not only a linguistic view of concepts based on the perception that contains logical and cognitive information, but also serve as a somatic code of a culture.

The following viewpoints may be shown considering phraseological units:

1. There are traces of national culture in the most of phraseological units;

2. The cultural informative resources that reflect the world view are kept well in the inner form of phraseological units;

3. The main thing that shows the national and cultural peculiarity of somatic set phrases of two nations is their national and cultural connotation.

Phraseology is a linguistic view of the world. There are national and cultural informative resources in the inner form of phraseological units. It is better to search for the semantics of such phraseological units in national peculiarities and world views.

If we give examples as confirmation of above mentioned ideas, first of all, let’s analyze the somatic phraseological units with key word “okpe/lung” in Kazakh and English. The definition of the somatism “Okpe” in a defining dictionary of the Kazakh language is given in the following way: “Okpe – 1) one of the two organs that fill with air when people and animals breathe. 2) figurative meaning a serious infectious disease affecting lungs caused by cold and germs. 3) take offence, disappointment” [2, 525].

The somatism “lung” generally reflects the nomadic culture of a nation in the Kazakh language. In ancient times there were kazans (a large cooking pot, cauldron) called taikazan and narkazan in Kazakh villages. Kazan is well-known from the early Scythian, Saka, and Hun Epoch and it is considered to be one of the seven treasures used for cooking and religious purposes. Taikazan is a symbol of unity and prosperity of nomads in the Mausoleum of Khoja Akhmed Yassawi in Turkestan, the capital of Kazakh khanate in the Middle Ages.

Nauryz is one of the ancient holidays when dish known as nauryz-kozhe which consists of seven ingredients cooked in every house, is poured into village’s taikazan, and this drink prepared with 30-50 mixture of dishes is called “nauryz kozhe” “great kozhe”. This culinary process is managed by a highly respected woman in a village, baibishe. Before kazan is given back to its owner they wash it up and put ready dish (baursak, dessert, meat) into the bottom of a kazan. If that ritual was not followed accordingly they believed that kazan would be offended, kazan would become furious. Among Kazakh people phraseological units like “okpesi kara kazandai”, “okpesi kazandai” are used when two people are in a quarrel. The phraseological unit “kara kazan, sary bala kamy ushin” means people, community. If we are separated from kazan, national heritage inherited from generation to generation, we will lose our wealth and welfare. Kazan like a shanyrak is a symbol of unity, if kazan is full of dish, a nation is strong as well.

The spiritual life and cultural experience of a nation form the linguistic view of the world. “The world view” is a general reflection of the world, its reflection in a language is “the linguistic view of the world. A language plays a great role in forming the world view. It comes out from the depth of human nature. There are language units in forming the world view that give various information about the world view, customs and traditions, religion, history and nature of a nation. The role of phraseological units, somatisms is specific among them. Somatism lung in English gives impetus to the formation of somatic phraseological unit “The Lungs of London” that come from praising the picturesque view of London’s green park, depicting its geographical position. “The Lungs of London” is a tourist attraction of the English capital, group of green parks situated in the center of London which stretches to 300 hectares. The park plays an important role in regulating the state of atmosphere and air condition for citizens, therefore the English people called Hyde Park as “The lungs of London”. We can notice the function of respiratory apparatus lung that always must be provided with fresh air in this somatic phraseological unit “The Lungs of London”. It is connected with Kazakh aphorism “taza aua - zhanga daua” (fresh air – fresh thought).

Somatism «okpe/lung» characterizes the national unique peculiarities of every nation, and is considered to be an informative resourse of telling about that nation’s culture, geographical position.

The peculiarities of every nation’s world view could be seen through a language. The surrounding world of people, their ways of life, moral ideas are connected with each other, and according to cultural living principles they can show the nation’s mentality. The nation’s cultural way of life is noticed in the stock of phraseological units. Here mentality and nature of a nation are performed wholly.

Phraseological units are considered to be a mirror that reflects the linguistic view of the world. It gives the opportunity to reveal the nature of national culture in human civilization. To sum up, therefore somatic phraseological units provide a part of the linguistic view of the world.

References

1. Suleimenova E.D. The concept of meaning in modern linguistics. – Almaty, School, 1989. – 152 p.

2. The defining dictionary of the Kazakh language. Almaty: Science, 1986. – V. I-Х

3. Seidimbek А. Kazakh world. Ethnocultural discourse. Almaty: Sanat, 1997. – 464 p.

4. Kenzheakhmetuly S. Seven treasures: collection. Almaty: Mother tongue, 2000. – 135 p.

5. Cowie A.P., Mackin R., McCaig I.R. Oxford dictionary of Idioms. Oxford University Press. 2002. – 685 p.