Bryakotnin Nikolay Aleksandrovich

Irkutsk national research technical university, Russia

Computer software

Problem statement. Computers occupy a significant place in the modern world. Personal computers perform any action on the information handling, but it would have been impossible without the software. In this regard, it is necessary to make understandable to the computer language, precise and detailed sequence of instructions to handle the information, called a program. Using programs on a personal computer may perform any action on the information handling. But you have to know what the software is and what it represents.

Basic results of research. Software is the content solution; it refers to a set of programs that performs computer system. Ordered sequence of instructions called programs. The ultimate goal for each program is to control the hardware. If the program, at first glance, does not use any interaction (not prompt for input and outputs), its work is still based on the management of hardware devices. Software and hardware operating in computer in close connection and in continuous interaction. Software configuration called the structure of the software of a computer system. There is a relationship between programs - most programs operate based on a program at a lower level, suggesting that the programming interface.

Software has become an integral part of the computer system. It acts as an extension of hardware. Scope of a certain computer determines software created for this computer. The computer has no knowledge of any one of the areas of application in order to eliminate this knowledge is concentrated in the programs running on computers. Software of modern computer include millions programs - from entertainment to education and research.

Software can be classified according to various criteria. Consider the classification, which is a fundamental criterion is the sphere (area) of the use of software. All programs running on the computer can be divided into three categories:

1. Applications are programs that enforce the necessary work for the user. It helps to solve a specific task within a subject area. Also, applications can have a generic character. Applications can be used autonomous and solve its problem on their own, or are used in software packages and systems.

Installing the software on a computer is performed by qualified users, but its direct operation is carried out, as a rule, end users - the customers of information, in many instances, the activity of which is far from the computer sphere. In order that each user can select the appropriate option for specific conditions, application packages usually have a number of opportunities for forms and methods of data processing. Such programs provide reduced requirements for the user's knowledge in the field of programming.

2. System programs - programs that perform support functions. System software used to manage computer resources and performed together with applications. Such programs are programs for general use, i.e. intended for all users. System software is developed in such way that the computer can effectively carry out the applications. Operating systems have a special place, its provide control of computer resources, and its goal is the efficient use of the computer.

Utilities are also an important group of software programs, its complement and extend the capabilities of the operating system or solve separate tasks. Utilities may be included in the operating system or can operate autonomously. Software products of this group are of a generic character of the application, regardless of the specifics of the subject area. These high demands on reliability and manufacturability, convenience and efficiency of use.

3. Tool software systems. Such systems facilitate the process of writing new programs for the computer. Software tool assists in all activities and at all stages of the software life cycle. There are ready-made software tools that allow developing its software-oriented products (software packages) at high speed. Being a specialist is an essential issue in this field, as well as ownining programming, but in a lesser degree. Software tools assist in all phases of software development.

The process of software evolution accelerated the rapid development of computer technology, as well as expansion in the field of computer applications - it is necessary to take into account when building classification. Previously, there was not a huge variety in the major categories of software. Now the situation has changed radically: there are new approaches to the construction of operating systems, programming languages, etc.; applications have acquired its own value. The market is rapidly changing relationship between required and available software. Thus, even classical software (such as operating systems) is forced to grow continuously. They confer intellectual functions that were previously attributed only to human intellectual capacities. The program began to appear, which are classified to established standards of difficulty, or simply impossible.

Conclusion. In summary, it may be said that the whole range of software is inexhaustible. New programs constantly appear in a world and with it the software. In this case, the need for software is growing, because number of personal computers constantly growing.

Reference list:

1. O.L. Golicina «Computer software». Publishing house: Forum. 2006, 448 pages.

2. V.G. Gubarev. Software and PC operating systems». Publishing house: Finniks. 2003. 382 pages.

3. Ivan Sommervill. Software Engineering. Publishing house: Villyams. 2002. 624 pages.