Research supervisor, Ph.D., Sapa Vladimir, student, Duisenbayev Omar

Kostanay State University A. Baitursynov, Kazakhstan

Advantages and disadvantages renewable energy

Kazakhstan has significant reserves of fossil fuels. Stocks of renewable fuel resources and energy sources (geothermal, solar, wind, ocean, biomass and others.) Are also large. Alternative energy is based on reproducible energy sources. Playable energy sources are divided into traditional and nontraditional. Traditional sources include large hydropower, and the use of energy by direct burning of traditional biomass.

A non-conventional renewable energy sources to include hydropower resources of small hydro power up to 10 MW; geothermal, naturally coming from the Earth's crust in the form of hot water, heat or steam; solar energy; ocean energy (tidal, wave, currents); wind energy; industrial and municipal waste (solid, liquid, gaseous), capable of giving electricity by burning, biodegradation or other methods of processing; biomass of different origin, as the product of processing of products of agriculture and forestry, as well as specially cultivated plants for this purpose (perhaps annual reproduction of resources).

One of the fastest growing industries in alternative energy is wind power. Wind energy can be used in agriculture, as wind turbines can be installed among cropland, without interfering in the life of humans, livestock, or production. When placing the wind power plant at intervals not only allows efficient use of the energy of air flow, but use only a small portion of the land, resulting in minimal impact on the development of cutting or grazing livestock.

Barriers to the use of power plants can be windy the following aspects: the variability windy energy caused by windy engine sound and vibration.

Biogas energy. Compared with other types of renewable energy and traditional energy sources, the use of biofuel power plants has several advantages: availability of raw materials for installation: the complete absence of fuel costs in the structure of operating expenses; Biogas plants can be placed in any area; the use of biofuels at the same time gives the possibility of several types of energy: gas, motor fuel, heat, electricity.

When compared with other types of biogas renewable energy sources (wind and solar energy), here is the most important feature - the constancy of energy production and maximum utilization of installed capacity.

The most notable disadvantage of biogas energy is the need uninterrupted supply of waste. Not all objects have at their disposal sufficient quantities of raw materials.

Prevent the spread of biofuels is another problem - the lack of available agricultural land. Land needed to grow future biomass. Now the production of biofuels has to spend part of the crop of useful crops.

Solar energy. Solar energy uses inexhaustible source of energy. Is not causing harmful waste and is environmentally friendly.

The disadvantages of solar energy are: use of large areas of land for the construction of solar power plants; the amount of energy produced is heavily dependent on the time of day and weather conditions; photovoltaic efficiency falls when heated, therefore it is necessary to install the cooling systems, typically water; after 30 years of operation efficiency of photovoltaic cells begins to decline; in the manufacture of solar cells use cadmium poses a difficult question their disposal.

Other forms of renewable energy. Of all renewable energy sources the lowest rates the use of geothermal energy. Tidal energy is also almost no practical application. Methods for producing such an electric energy from the energy of sea waves are at the initial stage of experimentation.

In the coming decades, fossil fuels and nuclear energy will continue to form the basis of the global energy industry. Nevertheless, the importance of alternative sources will begin to grow steadily. This is due to the limited fuel resources.

The advantages for the development and use of renewable energy sources is reproducible nature of the primary resource for energy production, as well as environmental friendliness. The disadvantages are: limited access to certain types of resources, as well as the high cost of construction. Just alternative sources, based on natural resources, does not always involve the time period of the production of electricity with the need for it that makes these sources is not enough stable position with seasonality and the rhythm of production, it requires combining them with traditional sources.

References:

1. Yurchenko, A.V.; Savrasov F.W.; Yurchenko V. The real cost of energy - from resources to consumer // Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. - 2009. - P. 43-46.

2. Stepanenko, N.I.; Gubin, V.E. Prospects for the use of alternative and renewable-energy sources in the conditions of Siberia // Modern Techniques and Technologies: Proceedings of IX Intern. Conf. students, graduate students and young scientists. - Tomsk, 2003. - T. 1. - P. 47-48.

3. Lukutin, B.V.; Surzhikova O.A.; Shandarova, E.B. Renewable energy in decentralized energy supply. - M .: Energoizdat, 2008. - 231 p.