Where,
item (2) Occupational Achievement, item (3) Intelligence, item (4)
Self-actualization, item (5) Self-assurance, item (9) Initiative which are the
skills that, they could be developed by using mind mapping instructions and
findings.
3. MIND
MAPING
Mind
mapping is a creative technique that unleashes new ideas, connections,
interrelationships and one of the best methods to
optimize ones learning capacities and understanding of how the elements of
complex structures are connected. It will help you reach your goals
faster - and with more accuracy.
Mind mapping
was developed by Tony Buzan who was born in London 1942, and graduated from the
University of British Columbia in 1964. While developing his understanding of
the human mind, he studied psychology, neuro-physiology, neuro-linguistics and
mathematician.
Mind
Maps use images. It is commonly accepted that images convey much more
information than a key word or even a whole sentence
A study has proved the benefits of
utilizing visual elements in presentations and tightly integrating them with
words. By comparing visual presentations with verbal presentations, the results
were vastly in favor of visualizations. Presenters who used visual language
were perceived by the audience as more effective than those using no visuals –
they were clearer, more concise, more interesting, more professional, more
credible and better prepared. The Wharton School (1981) .Furthermore studies
on geometry concepts improve attitudes. Ayan (2011)
The brain
works in different ways. Different people think in different ways. To create a
useful visual image that uses both right brain and left brain thinking. Mind Mapping brings together your left brain (words, logic,
numbers, and linearity) and right brain skills (curves, color, rhythm, images,
space) which dramatically increases your mind power. By using both cortical
sides simultaneously you are maximizing your brain’s potential.
The more you integrate left and
right brain activities, the more the brain’s performance becomes synergetic.
This means that each cortical skill enhances the performance of other areas so
that the brain is working at its optimum. Sperry, R.W.
(1968),
However,
while your thinking and reasoning follow a structure that is personal to you,
you still use a number of techniques that apply to most people. The fantastic
thing about mind mapping is that it uses these existing
"brain-programs" and refines them! Mind mapping simply optimizes the
power that you already have in your mind. The brain works according to certain
basic principles, and you can use mind maps to take advantage of them to
improve your creativity and memory. But more importantly, you'll be able to
remember all-important things easily by using it! Mind mapping allows you to
make the most of your mind's potential, giving you bright ideas and fresh new
concepts. How would you like that? You can be an effective problem-solver with
mind mapping!
3.1
FUNDEMENTAL PRINCIPLES TO MAKE MIND MAPS
§
PICTURES
This is very
critical for mind mapping, since it is much easier to remember a picture than
it is to remember long lines of pure text.
§
KEY WORDS
Tony
Buzan has always been passionate about using key words in Mind Maps rather than
phrases or a collection of words. It is far easier to remember single words,
short phrases and striking headlines, than to remember pure text. Key word is essentially a word that will trigger as much
relevant meaning as possible. So by using key words in your Mind Map, you open
up your thinking and stimulate your mind to dig deeper and see greater detail
on thoughts that were previously vague. Sentences lock in ideas as key words
are hidden away. For the ultimate freedom of thinking key words should be used
and here is a good example of why.
Research on note-making and
note-taking conducted by Dr Howe (1970) revealed that key word notes personally
made or given to students were far more effective in terms of the understanding
and recall they engendered than complete transcript notes or sentence summary
notes. Howe, M.J.A (1970)
§
CONNECTIONS
Consciousness
always analyzes how things are connected to each other. And when that is done,
the mind creates an image to symbolize the structure. A lot of the brain's work
is based on association and it automatically links different subjects together
to create a system. It is important to let your brain work the way it wants and
help it, instead of forcing it to take a certain direction. Your brain will be
much happier, and when it appreciates your help it rewards you with knowledge
and the power to remember.
Mind Maps
are based on associations and connections. Once ideas are displayed in Mind Map
form, patterns of thought can be easily examined revealing similarities and
linkages between information in different parts of the map.
By encouraging people to link
apparently different ideas and concepts in this way, Mind Mapping actually
promotes divergent and highly creative thinking. White, R. and
Gunstone, R. (1992)
§
COLORS
The human
mind quickly adapts and gets used to new environments. When you are using mind
maps as well. Your brain quickly tunes in to the structure of the mind map, and
you can experience some problems when trying to separate the different
components. Colors make easier.
We don't want
that, and a good idea is to use colors to divide the different categories if
you want to avoid this problem.
90%
believe that they remember presentations and documents better when color is
used (Xerox study, 2003).
§
EMPHASISING AND GROUPING
By gathering
and highlighting key branches within a boundary, such as a highlight cloud,
you’re using a memory technique known as ‘chunking’.
Our short-term memory is on average
only capable of storing seven items of information and chunking can help us use
this storage space more effectively. Glass, A.L. and Holyoak, K.J.
(1986),
3.2
HOW TO PREPARE MIND MAP- TIPS AND TECHNIQUES
ü
Use paper at landscape position. Go clockwise direction.
ü
Start in the center of page with an image of the topic.
ü
Use at least 3
colors.
ü
Use symbols, images, diagrams, and codes throughout your
Mind Map.
ü
Select key words write sub titles on branches.
ü
Every word is best alone and sitting on its own line.
ü
The central lines
are thicker, and they are connected to central image. Flowing, lines becoming
thinner as they radiate out from the centre.
ü
Lines should be same length with used image or words.
ü
Colors increase effect of mind map. It is better to use
multiple colors throughout the Mind Map, for visual stimulation.
ü
Use emphasis and show associations in your Mind Map.
ü Each map
contains individualized structure.
Figure-1
Sample mind map
Source:
Retrieved on http://www.mind-mapping.co.uk/make-mind-map.htm
2011
3.3 ADVANTAGES OF USING
MIND MAP
a.
Mind maps help see connections and links on
diagrams
A mind map
help develop ideas quickly, it becomes so easy to come up with new ideas and to
understand the big picture, and it really speeds up the process. To solve
geometry problems seeing critical points is important.
b.
A mind map, easily allows understanding complex
systems or structure.
It can
sometimes be hard to see the big picture when there are thousands of factors to
keep in mind. But with a mind map, you already have everything structured, and
you don't risk being distracted by the individual components. This makes it
easy for you to get an overview of the entire geometry subjects.
c. Mind map increase ability to memorize and
remember
The brain
works according to certain basic principles, and you can use mind maps to take
advantage of them to improve your memory
Novak
(1998), Rico (1983), and Shone (1984) all point out that the economical way
Mind Maps summarize information into visual symbols, helps you to remember that
information i.e. the Mind Map can be clearly pictured in your mind’s eye.
There are
virtually unlimited possibilities when it comes to using mind map. It is much
easier to remember a picture than it is to remember long lines of pure text.
Mind maps use images.
To remember geometry equations and diagrams easily mind maps help us.
d. Using mind map boost creativity
Mind maps automatically utilize all the creative thinking skills. Buzan
(1997)
Images keep this creativity fired up. Pictures are used to make mind
map and it boost creativity.
e. A mind map Optimize and simplify information
It is easy to get an
overview of the entire subject. The hierarchical structure of a mind map
conforms to the general assumption that the cognitive representation of
knowledge is hierarchically structured (Tergan, 1986).
Every produced idea may
be integrated in the mind map by relating it to already recorded ideas and this
with virtually no mental effort. . (Brinkmann, 2003)
Mind map use keywords and connections. It is easy to optimize information
by using mind map. In addition, mind map provide connection between old
subjects and new subjects that is an important point.
3.4 ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER BASED MIND MAPPING
While the process of creating mind maps can be done with nothing more than
a piece of paper and a few colored pens, many enterprises prefer to make use of
the many open source. Moving beyond the constraints of 2D mapping, many
applications offer the feature of 3 dimensional intuitive mind maps that allow
decision-makers to create more understandable visualizations.
In addition to the obvious graphical benefits of computer-based applications,
mind mapping software offers enterprises the chance to make mind mapping a
collaborative effort, sharing their mind maps with the members of a work group
to take advantage of the knowledge and ideas held within that group. (Buzan,
1997) Computer based mind mapping can offer a significant improvement to
personal productivity are the areas of: automatic Mind Map generation, Mind Map
editing, data storage, data retrieval, text input, and the organization of
data. The creation of many different variations of the same Mind Map is also
facilitated and accelerated. Easy group work.
4.
CONCLUSION
Buzan
(1997) described many benefits of mind mapping can
be briefly summarized as following: Learning, Creativity, Thinking, Planning, Organizing, Motivation,
Entertainment, Recall, Taking notes, Making decision, Making a connection,
Making a presentation, Relationship Job performance.
To develop leadership
and management skills Mind Mapping is a good tool. It is also easy to apply and
funny. In addition using computer based Mind Mapping software’s are more useful
and accelerated elicitation.
5.
REFERENCES
Ayan, E.
(2011), the effect of mind mapping instruction on the attitudes toward geometry.
Brinkmann,A.
(2003), ‘Mind Mapping as a Tool in Mathematics Education’, Mathematics.
Buzan, Tony. (1976). Use Both Sides of Your Brain. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
Buzan, Tony
& Buzan, Barry. 1997. The Mind Map Book.
Glass,
A.L. and Holyoak, K.J. (1986), Cognition.
New York: Random House.
Howe,
M.J.A (1970), ‘Using students’ notes to examine the role of the individual
learner in acquiring meaningful subject matter’. Journal of Educational Research, 64, 61-3
Margulies,
N. (1991). Mapping inner space: Learning and teaching mind mapping. Tucson, AZ:
Zephyr Press.
Novak, J.
(1998). Learning, creating and using knowledge. Concept Maps™ as facilitative
tools in schools and in corporations. London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Patrico G.
Herbst Journal for Research in mathematics 2006, vol. 37 No 4, 313-347
Ron, G. “Your
Future On One Piece Of Paper: Mind Mapping For Personal And
Professional
Development” Professions Success,
38(3), (1993), 19–24
Sperry,
R.W. (1968), ‘Hemispheric disconnection and unity in conscious awareness’. Scientific American, Vol. 23, pp.
723-35
Tergan, Sigmar-Olaf. 1986. Modelle der Wissensrepräsentation als
Grundlage qualitativer Wissensdiagnostik. Beiträge zur psychologischen
Forschung 7. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag
The
Wharton School (1981), A Study of the
Effects of the Use of Overhead Transparencies on Business Meetings.
Wharton Applied Research Center, The Wharton School, University of
Pennsylvania.
White, R. and Gunstone, R. (1992), Probing Understanding. Falmer Press, New York