Сельское хозяйство/3. Земледелие, грунтоведение и
агрохимия
Shilova
N.I.
Master of
agrochemistry and agrology
RSE
"Kostanaysky State University of A.Baytursynov", Kazakhstan
Shilova
K.M.
Graduate student
FSBEI
HPE "Omsk state agrarian university of a P. A. Stolypin", Russia
ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF APPLICATION
ALCOHOLIC BARD ON CHERNOZEM AND SOLONETZIC COMPLEXES OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN
In steppe agriculture of Northern Kazakhstan resource-saving
technologies of cultivation of crops are widely applied. On this background
volumes of use of mineral fertilizers in the region sharply decreased. Now no
more than 0,5 kg of of century on one hectare of an arable land instead of
necessary 15-20 kg are brought. Considering high cost of mineral fertilizers
and lack of enough of manure, it is necessary to find local resources of
organic fertilizers. Withdrawal of spirit production - wheat the bard can be
such source. In this regard, for studying of efficiency spirit bards as liquid
organic fertilizer in the form of top dressing of long-term cereal herbs were
put experiences.
Researches were conducted in 2010-2012 in stationary experience in
typical conditions of the droughty steppe in a subband of the southern
chernozems of the Kostanay region. The bard in experiences it was brought on
technology of superficial introduction of liquid bespodstilochny manure well
fulfilled and recommended in a zone. In experience it was used the bard of JSC
Aray-91 distillery (Lisakovsk) who develops production from grain of a spring-sown
field. The chemical composition bards is presented by the following indicators:
humidity – 91,3%, solid – 8,7%, ashes – 0,43 %, nitrogen – 0,53 %, phosphorus –
0,06 % in natural substance, рН 3,8. The scheme of experience is presented in
table 1.
The economic assessment is a generalizing indicator when comparing
introduction of various doses spirit bards in the form of top dressing on
crops. Аgropyron pectiniforme [1]. As
the main criterion the maximum exit of production with 1 hectare for this
purpose serves at the smallest material and labor inputs. Such approach
reflects the leading principle of an intensification when increase of the
expensive mechanism of technology of cultivation as a whole or its separate
element has to be accompanied by the corresponding growth, both production, and
labor productivity [2]. This situation fully is confirmed by results of the
made experiment.
Table 1
Economic efficiency
of introduction of various doses postspirit bards on crops Аgropyron pectiniforme (an average for 2011-2012yy. )
|
Indicator indicator indicators |
Dining |
|||||||
|
Without making (control) |
N30 |
Bard 20 t/ha |
Bard 40 t/ha |
Bard 60 t/ha |
Bard 80 t/ha |
Bard 100 t/ha |
Bard 120 t/ha |
|
|
Yield, g/ha |
16,8 |
31,1 |
19,1 |
23,0 |
28,9 |
32,3 |
33,3 |
34,1 |
|
Cost of 1 Hz, rub |
75,3 |
70,4 |
73,0 |
68,9 |
63,9 |
59,4 |
62,9 |
64,5 |
|
Prime cost of 1 c, rub |
448,3 |
1615,4 |
554,8 |
762,7 |
1690,3 |
2034,6 |
1980,2 |
1974,1 |
|
Net profit with 1 hectare, rub |
35,4 |
73,7 |
39,8 |
48,2 |
91,5 |
106,0 |
94,5 |
89,7 |
Data for carrying out economic calculations were taken from the
technological card on cultivation Аgropyron
pectiniforme on the hay, made in economy. Accounting was carried out at the
prices, the technological operations which have developed at the time of
carrying out. Cost bards was considered at selling price to agricultural
enterprises of various form of ownership – on 2,04 rub for 1 ton. The cost of
one ton of urea in physical weight made 17346,9 rub. The state grant for its
price of 50 % of the main cost was thus considered. The price of realization of
1 t of hay equaled 1224,5 rub for the first class and 1020,4 rub for the second
class. The transportation distance bards from distillery to a skilled field
made 5-7 km.
Calculations bards as liquid organic fertilizer showed high economic
efficiency of use spirit. So, on control option hay with the highest prime cost
in experience – 75,3 rub was received for 1 c. Here the minimum values of net
profit and profitability level, respectively 448,3 rub from 1 hectare and 35,4 %
were observed. This option differed the lowest labor productivity – 0,17 h/h on
a unit of production.
The consecutive increase in doses bards significantly improved economic
indicators. The maximum effect was reached at a dose of 80 t/ha. Here the
cheapest hay with prime cost of 59,4 rub was received for 1 c and the greatest
net profit – 2034,6 rub with 1 hectare, and level of profitability reached
106,0 %. This option was also the most productive in experience. Costs of work
of production of 1 c of hay were here the smallest – 0,11 h/h. The further increase in doses consistently
reduces level of profitability and net profit to 100 and 120 t/hectare,
respectively 94,5 and 89,7 %; 1980,2 and 1974,1 rub. That is increase of
expenses for introduction bards doesn't pay off the corresponding quantity of
additional production. Decreases as well labor productivity to 0,12-0,13 h/hour
on 1 c. The average dose bards of 60 t/hectare showed close results also:
profitability of 91,5 %, net profit of 1690,3 rub, prime cost of 1 c - 63,9
rub. Low doses bards (20 and 40 t/ha) weren't effective in experience, forming
economic indicators at level or are slightly higher than control.
The option with N30 urea introduction significantly conceded
both high, and to average doses bards. Profitability level here made only 73,7 %,
prime cost increased to 70,4 rub, and the profit decreased to 1615,4 rub. It is
connected with very high cost of this fertilizer, and even at 50 % of the grant
of the state its efficiency in experience not the high. Generalizing the obtained data it is possible to
conclude that most economically an expedient dose bards in experience are 80
t/hae. Its introduction provides the highest level of profitability - 106,0 %
and net profit with 1 hectare of 2034,6 rub. Thus prime cost of 1 c of hay
decreases by 1,3 times and makes 59,4 rub.
Literature
1. Gribut E.A.
Ekologo-ekonomichesky aspects row at utilization of spirit bards / EA Gribut,
OA Surzhko // Actual environmental problems and environmental management: Sat
scientific. tr. Vyp.13. H. 2. / RUDN. - M, 2011. - Page 271-275.
2. Kudzayeva I.L.
Improvement of the organizational and economic mechanism of use of waste of
processing of agricultural raw materials in agrarian and industrial complex:
автореф. yew. … edging. экон. Sciences: 08.00.05 / I.L. Kudzayeva. -
Vladikavkaz, 2006. – 16 pages.