History/ 2. General History

Activity of fishing cooperation in Petropavlovsk District

Orynbayeva K.E., the Senior Teacher of the Department of History of Kazakhstan

KSU named after A. Baitursynov

In 20-30s of the twentieth century, one of the pressing issues that troubled the Soviets in the Petropavlovsk District was the problem of hunger and unemployment. To solve the problems of hunger and employment of unemployed partly helped the resurgent trade cooperation. In the times of the NEP it got sufficient support from the Party and government bodies. In the spring of 1921, Lenin appealed to them to "Use all means to support and develop trade cooperation," since it "will help to develop small-scale industry", "will increase the number of required products for farmers". Thousands of handicraftsmen, which manufactured a variety of consumer goods, were dispersed to towns and villages and were in a strong dependence on middlemen speculators. It is gradually come to the union of craftsmen into gangs who got loans and raw from the state. Northern Kazakhstan was most saturated by masters of domestic fishing in the country.

In July 7, 1921 published a decree of Executive Committee and SNK "About trade cooperation". Workers were allowed to form a commercial partnership or fishing cooperatives. In the times of NEP co – operatives were in the favorable environment. Domestic market provided a reliable supply of raw materials and sales. Tax system supported full self-government cooperatives. Introduced golden ducat stimulated trade. Banks provided loans on a solid foundation of self-financing. By the summer of 1928 on the territory of the Petropavlovsk District in fishing artels more than a thousand craftsmen worked and more than 3 thousand worked individually. Together, they gave to the market products of 30 branches by about half a million rubles a year. In 1929-1930 from 85.9 thousand people employed in small-scale industry in Kazakhstan, 16 thousand worked in Petropavlovsk District. Craftsmen produced soundly shoes, feather and woolen shawls, boots, coats, saddles and harnesses, sleds and wagons, etc.

In January 1925, the Provincial Committee of Party in its information noted: «Productivity is free of ice and went to the earnings ... Increased productivity and reduction of absenteeism occur in all enterprises». The newspaper "Soviet steppe" September 29, 1925 wrote: "Growth of productivity in some enterprises is perfect. At the tannery "October Revolution" output per worker at the beginning of the year was 5 rubles and 30 cents and a weight was 6 pounds of skin per day. Now it reached to 24 pounds in the amount of 24 rubles 60 kopecks. By sheepskin factory productivity raised from 7 rubles 07 kopecks per day to 18 rubles 18 kopecks, on pimokat factory from 3 rubles 57 kopecks to 87 rubles 4 cents. Significant increase of productivity observed in all enterprises, especially with the introduction of piecework. "[2]. Increase of production affected on wages. If in 1923-1924 Worker in average earned 25 rubles, in 1924-1925 - 39 rubles a month.

However, prosperity of cooperation was short-lived. Already in 1930 relation to industrial cooperatives began to change. Methods of economic oppression, tried and tested during the collectivization of the peasantry, began to use against Fishers. Law "About the prices of products industrial cooperatives" (1933) prohibited to exceed the price level prevailing in the mid 1932. Prices for raw materials were dramatically inflated, which sold to fishing cooperatives, sometimes 5-10 times. Retail and wholesale half trade of material resources was curtailed. From developed level of economy co-operatives turned into weakening appendage of industry. [3]. The name "cooperation" became nominal, (it was abolished in 1956 by the CC CPSU and the CM of USSR "About the reorganization of industrial co-operatives").

Literature:

1. V.I. Lenin Full. Works. Op. , T. 43. Pp. 250-251.

2. "Report of cooperation up to six months" / / "Soviet steppe", September 29, 1925

3. Bokaryov Y.P. Socialist industry and small-scale peasant economy of the USSR in the 20s years: sources, methods of research, and stages of relationships. – M.: Nauka, 1989. - 312.