Kazakh-playwright, poet Saken Seyfullin

Kylbaeva  Miramkyl   Muratovna

 À.Áàéòұðñûíîâ àòûíäàғû Қîñòàíàé     ìåìëåêåòò³ê      óíèâåðñèòåò³í³ң  àғà îқûòóøûñû , ôèëîëîãèÿ  ìàãèñòð³

Life of the outstanding Kazakh poet, prose writer, playwright and public figure Saken Seifullin excellent, instructive and tragic. She looks like a vysverk lightning or flying albatross. Saken Seifullin did much for his people, for a native literature. Over 25 years of activity he created hundreds of poems, ten poems, novels and multiple narratives, many of gočislennye stories, plays, essays, articles, research.  It was the first page of the new Kazakh literature of the Soviet period. He was the national poet of Kazakhstan as Yesenin in Russia. He wrote the first poem about the revolution as a block in Russia, the first poem of the Soviet power in Kazakhstan, as Mayakovsky in Russia. Seyfullin wrote the first story about the working class, the first novel of socialist realism in Kazakhstan, as Bitter in Russia, the first in the history of Kazakh dramatic art piece, the first textbooks in literature, the first critical article, he was a scholar-folklorist, publicist, literary scholar, he was one of the founders of the first Kazakhstan-Kazakh University of a name of abaja and one of his first teachers. He was the editor of newspapers and magazines, translator, and social figure. The more still bitterly aware that his sparkling talent could bring many more benefits, not only for its people but also for all of humanity, if not for his tragic death. He loved his people, shared his joy and sorrow, fervently believed in a bright future, linking it with young people, to which he has devoted many works.              Saken Seifullin was one of the most cultural people of his time, a connoisseur of the history, folk poetry, literature not only Kazakh and Central Asian.      Seyfullin perfectly knew, understood and loved Russian literature and Russian language made him available and many masterpieces of world culture, which in turn contributed to a deeper and fuller expression of national aspirations, hopes and aspirations.         Creative development is closely linked with its Seifullin biography. Saken Seyfullin was born's (Sadvakas) October 15, 1894 in a nomadic Kazakh village of Nil′dinskoj volost of Akmola uezd. At the age of 11 years old he was sent to the Nil′dinskogo scale of the mine to study Russian. The poet later recalled: "in Nil′dse I spent three years. The lessons I received on the one hand, at school, on the other hand-scooped the knowledge of life seen as working in the kitchen as there are people in mines below ground, how hard is it upstairs, where they set up the mountains of coal and ores; visited dormitories, in the homes of workers who know their way of life. Many have heard of them.        All this left indelible impressions in me '. In 1908-1913, Saken studied in akmolinsk (now Astana) first in the parish school, then in two school. In the 1913-1916, Saken Seyfullin learns in the Omsk teacher's Seminary, which was often called the Siberian University.                                                                     Saken becomes an active member of the student organization of the Revolutionary Youth, Birlik (Unity), a frequent speaker at her secret gatherings with revolutionaries, with writer-Bolshevik Feoktistom Berezovsky. The political activities of the poet soon finds himself under close surveillance by the secret police, even allowed the seminary makes a decision prohibiting furloughs Sejfulinu from boarding school after six o'clock in the evening during the second quarter. In 1914, he would publish in Kazan the first poetry collection "the last days". In this collection of young poet reflects on the fate of the native people, laments the hard life of the poor, the tangled darkness of ignorance, aged feudal-patriarchal customs. Democratic motives early creative Saken Seifullin are in line with the democratic education of Kazakh literature, the names of such great writers as the pores of pre-revolutionary Sultanmahmut Mukhamedzhan Seralin, Youth, Sabit Donentaew, Spandiyar Kubeev. He is one of the active members of the magazine "Ajkal", only then the democratic journal in the Kazakh language. In 1916, after graduating from Seminary, he became a teacher, but was soon influenced by the national liberation movement and subsequent revolutionary events Saken Seyfullin is getting in the way of professional revolutionaries.                                                                                                                     In 1917-1918, he took an active part in the establishment of a Council of workers and peasants deputies in akmolinsk. Saken was elected as a member of its Bureau and the Commissioner of education. He led the youth organization "Zhas-Kazakhstan", and at the request of its members wrote the first revolutionary Kazakh Song-"La Marseillaise of Kazakh youth". In May 1918, the Soviet Government insurrection in akmolinsk was overthrown and the leaders of the Council, including works by s.seifullin, were captured. In the late autumn of 1918 at sorokagradusnye frosts were step taken to Petropavlovsk, where their "cars of death" during the 47 days in Omsk concentration camp. The prisoners made the dire deprivation and suffering in prisons of Akmolinsk and Petropavlovsk, tortured the white guards Ataman Annenkov, months were frozen and scavenged "cars of death", so accurately described by a writer in ' thorny path ". Many comrades Seifullin died, unable to endure suffering. But Saken and imprisoned in a concentration camp and continued to write poetry. In March 1919, the peace and Concord Sakenu managed to escape from the concentration camp of Omsk. A round about way, hiding in the poor villages of southern oblasts of Kazakhstan, it makes a long journey to those of Semirechje, where it receives a lot of adventures. Then through the sands of Moûnkumov, through the Hunger steppe for many months sneaks poet home again to join the revolutionary struggle. In 1920, s. seifullin took part in the work of the Organizing Committee for education KazCSSR. He was elected at the first Congress of the Kazakh Central Executive Committee member of the Presidium of the Boards, and then a member of the VCIKa. He was Deputy people's Commissar of enlightenment, the editor of the newspaper "Kazakh" Yonbekshi ', later the party-government newspaper "Socialistik Kazakhstan". At the third Congress of Soviets in 1922 he was appointed Chairman of the Council of people's commissars of Kazakh ASSR. Was a delegate to many of party congresses, elected as a member of the VCIKa, more than 10 years he taught in Kazakh, was editor-in-Chief of the journal "Literary front, led the literary organization of Kazakhstan. But, even at the highest governmental levels, pedagogical, scientific, editorial, translation, publications, administrative, public activities, Saken Seyfullin forgot about their high mission, poet and writer. In the 20-ies Saken issued a number of collections of poems and poems: "Orchestra" (1924), "express" (1926), "organisation and employment-protection of the poor" (1926), "on the waves of life" (1928), "Kokshetau" (1929). Written in 1917, s. seifullin "plays on the way to happiness" and m. Auezov "enlik-Kebek"-first experiences of dramatic genre in Kazakh literature. The second drama s.seifullin "Red Falcons" (1920). In this piece the first Kazakh literature Saken brought images of revolutionaries.          The first prosaic experience is a poem in prose "Solace". The romantic mood of the story echoes the "Songs". Hearing in the fusion of the Kazakh steppe crying girls, disadvantaged learning the sad tale of the tragic plight of the poet, comforts her. He said the proximity of happiness, of approaching the dawn of freedom. In 1922, Saken Seyfullin wrote a Novella "Aisha" continuing the traditional Kazakh literature of the subject women's disenfranchisement, the new writer draws an image of the heroines. Aisha offers personal courage, firmness of character and determination in the fight. She is not submissive victim of social injustice, a fighter and a winner. The story has acquired crucial Seifullin "Diggers" in which for the first time in the Kazakh prose topic of the working class. In 30-ies of Sejfullinym one of the first written adventure stories in the Kazakh prose "Hamit encounters the Bandit." Close to kinoscenariû on its dynamic and exciting tale S.seifullin "fruit". Development of Kazakh literature in the 20-30-ies in the most difficult circumstances. On the one hand, the Soviets and the COMMUNIST PARTY with its domestic policy tried to reverse the national identity of the Kazakh and other national literatures, instill a uniform social orientation. On the other hand, it is the social gains were a powerful impetus for the development of Kazakh literature and culture. Now, at the turn of the Millennium easy to talk about errors and misconceptions s.seifullin. He was mistaken in the ratings of m. zhumabaev, m. Dulatov, erred in October and the ideals of Soviet power. Samples of agitatorskoj poetry and literary type "Socialnstan", "albaros", "Sovetstan", poetry about Lenin, revolution, the working class are now top of the poet's creativity. But the tragedy of the poet that he was sincere voice of new order, the order, victims were millions of Kazakhs in the years of hunger, repression, concentration camps, polygons. In the end the poet too zealously defends the truth of revolutionary ideas in the poem "Kzylat" was physically destroyed the structure. The tragedy of it is that he was a fiery Bolshevik, poet-dreamer in the conditions of a totalitarian regime that even protect itself allowed in moderation. Saken seyfullin is a multi-faceted writer. Already in his first book "the last days" can be found and a fine landscape and poignant lyrics, patriotic motives, and heartfelt love poems, and poems with distinct educational didactic thrust. Following the precepts of democratic literature, the young teacher thought to be his great Saken. And the art of poetry, and love the lyrics he learned it from him. "The loved one", "where we said goodbye," "beloved" and a number of other poems written under the influence of the lyrics. Romantic and somewhat sensual women in Abaya is akin to a passionate, fulfilling dashing delete, passionate impulse of lyrical I Saken Seifullin ("Beloved," "a Midsummer night's dream", "Unforgettable", "where" we "," in the mountains "," passion "). The structure of feelings, thoughts, adequate means of expression, lyrical emotion the poem "beloved" was the treatment of the poet, with love and to share with readers my vision of the world and women. And most importantly, it was the expression of the love feelings, dreams about racing, ideal indirect reproduction of image of the beloved.                                                          Poems Seifullin echoed and high philosophy of Pushkin: "To my friend, it's time! Resting the heart ask for poems about the role and value of the poet and poetry: "be wise, selfless not for beauty-People give their days and hours." In the poem, "the poet" Seyfullin continues the tradition of Abai, Pushkin, Lermontov, stressing that the poet must share with the people of wisdom and experience, love and prozren′em. The words of the poet-miraculous monument, facing a century and they are imperishable treasure for the intelligent and hard-working, for derzaûŝej youth. In the poem "sadness" the poet expresses confidence that the will to live after his death his poems. The verses of the poet-his reliable friends, "former Golden Ember fire", they sprout through the heart and soul, they shared their grief, they supported him en route and in misery.                                                                                                                                      He thought about all the people, not by splitting them into rich and poor, miserable about his fate. Ahmet Baitursynov sincere respect to our great people and sympathy to the small nation. Seyfullin was executed in 1937. But his life and his art will never be erased from people's memory.

 

LITERATURE

1. T. Arystanbekov, Zhyl Koussa (Harbinger). "Yonbekshi Kazakhstan", 1923.                                 
2. E. Ismailov, Saken Seyfullin. Head monographic Essays to "the history of Kazakh Soviet literature", 1958. M., 1960; "History of Kazakh literature", volume 3, book I, 1967.      

3. E. Ismaylov, Akin žène revolution (the poet and the Revolution). The Monograph. Almaty, 1964.

4. T.Kakishev, orkeni (fruit). The Monograph. Alma-Ata, 1962.        

5. T.Kakishev, Dawr suretteri (literature and time). Monographic studies. Alma-Ata, 1967.

6. T.Kakishev, Saken Seyfullin. The Essay. Alma-Ata, 1967. 

7. S.Kirabaev, Saken Seyfullin. The Monograph. Alma-Ata. 1962; in English, 1967.  

8. S. Mukanov, Herald of proletarian literature. "Kazak èdebieti", 1936.        

9. S. Mukanov, The žoldarymyz (our development Path). Alma-Ata, 1960.    

10. Toktybaev, Açay tulpar (Wild Horse). "News of the Kazakh Regional Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)", 1923.