A.Baitursynov Kostanay state university

The chair of practical linguistics

Senior teacher Abylbekova B.T.

Forbidden words in the vocabulary of Kazakh language

The formation of national values in the consciousness of generation is realized by the language and religion, national tradition, custom and consciousness. When people came face to face to the severe nature of the steppe and conquered with enemies for centuries, as a result of rich experience collected in daily peaceful life the significance of forbidden words have not been destroyed in the education of generation until this time. Signs arisen from humanism, educational significance of prohibitions keeping from misfortune and trouble is much more important. Prohibitions and signs have been implemented in social and daily life of people from the part of young generation. Forbidden words had been accepted as the law. If we pay much more attention to this problem, we can see that signs and prohibitions had been used in the level of legal norm. It is known as the collection of compulsory rules that defines the behavior of people in different interaction of social life. So, in this way, people had used forbidden words and everyone was to implement it. This one was formed as the main principle of the standards of behaviour and ethics. Therefore, forbidden words considered as the basis of humanism and morality that are going to be lost had been the source of humanism and good behaviour kept from misfortune, trouble, illness, lack of upbringing and restraint.

Forbidden words are dedicated to stop unpleasant and annoying action. It has been used to keep from bad motive, inappropriate action and unpleasant behaviour. The humanity of people is used in the level of measure of the qualities of morality. It explains how the meaning of forbidden words are important. For example, don't step on ashes, don't pour out dairy products, don't pull out young herbs, don`t destroy a nest – these words are the full argument of our thought had been told above. Forbidden words are used from the birth of children, it means concrete and comprehensible conclusions according to the peculiarity of their age. Children have been kept from unpleasant and bad habit from the earliest time. The words told the child from the birth are rich of light. Special phrases which are short and different would have been very close to the heart and implementation of youth generation. Because, words having had deep and thoughtful meaning are easy to keep in memory. These are significant conclusions obliged to be implemented. It had been a good attitude from people in upbringing up the children. It is considered as discourtesy if the child did not implement and listen to the senior person.

Therefore, youth had implemented everything told in the tradition. The powerful peculiarity of Kazakh upbringing is shown here. The significance of taking the leadership of the custom of our ancestors in the process of upbringing is shown from this one. If this tradition is carried out again, there cannot be any parent or child which has not listened to each other.

To our mind, we need forbidden words in all types of society of people. Daily life cannot be without shade and sunny parts. In order to control this contradiction, forbidden words regulate social environment as moral-ethnic, legal and convincing norms. There can be arisen possibility to direct the members of society for kind intentions and provide the harmony among people.

If we pay attention to the meaning of forbidden words, different sphere of education can be comprehended. They can be divided in this way: firstly, it had been formed according to different relation of people; secondly, it has been dedicated to protect from misfortune, trouble, anger of the spirits of the sacred and force of miracles in nature. Why did we divide in this way? It has been arisen from analyzing the meaning of forbidden words in the process of usage. There are some samples of forbidden words arisen from mutual relation of people related to the person, father and child, senior and youth, relatives. They are: not to step on bread, not to step on tablecloth, not to step on a threshold, not to raise voice to senior people, not to have indignant of parents, not to present knife, whetstone, axe and dog, not to cut a tail and a mane of a horse of woman, not to sit at a bed of married couple, not to show umbilicus, to keep clear conscience until getting married, etc. Related to the second group are: don`t spit out on fire, don`t go around a house, don`t show the moon with hand, don`t bruise along on a horse to the village, don`t put your arm akimbo, etc. It is noticed that these words have been arisen from the belief dedicated to keep from the powerful world in nature and sacred spirits of saints. It is indisputable that the word related to any group form national behaviour on the basis of environment, protection of animals and nature, humanism and morality.

Some types of education are seen from the meaning of forbidden words. To say exactly: humanism, tact, moral, ecological, hygienic and other types.

It is definite that humanism is the main indicator for the nature of the person. There are so many words to form humanistic feelings. They provide such educational concepts as respecting the person, to be kind, not to tell lie, to evaluate the work, etc. For example: don`t smile at a person, don`t deceive someone, don`t argue (with a chief on age or according to the regulations), good comes from a good man, from bad is harm, so learn from good man, don`t steal, don`t do violence to someone, don`t sell conscience, don`t practice upon the business trusted to you, don`t show power to woman, don`t boast, don`t be haughty, don`t witness to lie, don`t be lazy.

Tact – is the special quality that is shown kindness and delicacy of people in the relation. It is the concept closely connected with humanity and morality. Why do we differentiate it specially? Because, the role and importance are special in modern society. So, these words are: don`t stand across a senior person, always give a place to senior people, don`t speak before senior people, don`t eat before senior people, don`t speak loudly in group, don`t scratch oneself before someone, don`t pick a nose, don`t step at a person, speak after someone has told everything, don`t spit out a person, etc.

Much has been told about tact on the pages of newspapers. It is known that the role of tact is not higher in society. As we have mentioned above, the concept of tact is very wide. It provides all concepts related to humanism, modesty, politeness and discipline. The words have been shown here according to the religion, implementation of the requirements of Khadis (legends, recitals of acts and saying of prophet of Muhammad), keeping the cleanness of soul. They are: don`t step at spirits of saints, don`t renounce from a faith or religion, don`t step at Koran, don`t criticize God, Koran and spirits of saints, don`t say bad words in the moment of death, don`t say bad words about the deceased people, don`t wipe off linen on Friday, don`t skip namaz (prayer), etc. Ecological education - concern for the environment, words dedicated to evaluate world of miracle have been relate to it. They are – don`t tear grass, don`t destroy a nest, don`t spit out on the water, don`t wipe off linen in running water, don`t kick cattle, don`t shoot a swan, don`t hammer a spring, don`t kill insect, don`t step at ant-hill, don`t mix water, don`t contaminate a spring, don`t cut a tree, etc.

Forbidden words dedicated to keep the purity of person are special in cleanness education of youth generation to grow up healthy. They are: don`t raise a foot higher, don`t beat with sweepers, don`t put trousers under the head, don`t pour the water for ablution, don`t throw away ashes and rubbish, don`t spit out on a well, don`t suck the finger, don`t pour meal with scoop to the dog, don`t shake a water on hand, don`t step at meal, don`t plunge into the water in bucket, etc.

There are different words according to decency of behaviour and harmony of appearance of the person related to aesthetic education. They are: don`t scatter a hair, don`t show a knee, don`t stretch a mouth, don`t sit widely to place (feet), don`t grow hair and nails, don`t put on a cap with ear-flaps incorrectly, don`t open umbilicus.

It is impossible to provide all fortune of Kazakh people made for centuries and our aim was another one. We would like to say that while using forbidden words - fortune of our nation, we propose to parents to keep the youth generation from evil using forbidden words. Using the custom of our ancestors, we would like to pay parents attention to forbidden words. Much attention must be paid to the tradition of our ancestors and without using it upbringing of youth generation cannot be implemented.

We know that forbidden words of Kazakh people are the source of national education, that is to say, that Kazakh people bring up children from the childhood in order to keep them from bad habits. Eminence in the blood of our people, highest humanism, kept from different unpleasant appearance and action are the result of prohibition of Kazakh people, that is to say, that if we pay much more attention to the meaning of forbidden words we can comprehend that enormous richness is lying on the basis of it that is necessary to youth generation and people.

References:

1.S.Кеnzheakhmetov «Forbidden words of Kazakh people», Journal Abai, №10, 2010.

2.А.Kharaluly «Kazakh prohibitions and signs» Аlmaty, «Oner» 1998.

3. I.Kakenova. «Forbidden words – means of education», Journal «Tarbie kurali», №3, 2009.