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Bulatova M.B.
Kostanay
State University named after A. Baitursynov, Kazakhstan
Quite often it
is possible to hear opinions that today when there is a wide range of
newspapers - from erotic, boulevard to religious and orthodox - to speak about
standards of ethics and morals, fondly. The moral is as its edition, or
complete absence of it. To journalism it is impossible to judge professional
suitability of the person without his moral qualities which have not smaller
value, than qualification. Process of journalistic work, and mainly, its
result, anyway, infringes on interests of many.
The modern journalist is the person, who independently
comprehending and estimating a real situation, showing the world outlook.
Trying to depart from a cliche of journalese style, he tries to show his
identity, style a freedom. The author concerning to the characters quite often
there is an expression, estimation.
In the majority professional journalists adhere to
norms of morals, they understand, whatever subject for the material they chose,
participants of an event inevitably become article characters. The reputation
of the article hero and his further life, probably, depends on how the author
will present the hero to the audience.
A frame of reference on speech behavior of the
journalist, on quality, advantages of its works shapes on the basis of ideas of
a professional duty and highly moral forms of its performance. Modern approach
to the media text from and nature of changes of language and the style of the
modern newspaper caused by transformations in all spheres of public life, is
defined by different types of consciousness, style contrast collision standard
and abnormal not only from linguistics positions, but also culture, ethics.
Creative self-expression of journalists in the last decades was shown in thems
and speech variety, in mitigation of requirements of literary norm. For
some regions rather new type of the
press called by "tabloids" became popular, where the estimated
lexicon from different layers of language.
According to V. E. Goldin, "the criteria of an assessment
for correctness, quality of the speech considerably change: structural
correctness pales (possibly, temporarily) into insignificance, releasing a
place to signs functional" [/1,42]. From this point of view the media text assessment becoming actual not only from language positions, but
also communicative norms. The communicative norm is understood as
implementation of communicative activity according to the developed standards
of communication. Important component is "orientation to value and regulations,
existing in this culture, including ethical standards and moral
imperatives" [/2,143].
Violation of communicative norms is, as a rule,
connected with unmotivated derogation from rules of communication. These
processes which are observed in modern mass media, they create some concern of
linguists, journalists, psychologists. It is possible to refer incorrect
representation to the most frequent violations in the media text of the real
person. So, article where the employee of this organization who`s work was in
collecting payments for cold water and the sewerage, is called "the boy on
a call" (Century) became the reason of a conflict situation between RKTs
LLP and editorial office of the city newspaper . It is known that the allocated
phrase is the euphemism veiling a certain occupation. Therefore the discontent
of the character of the publication who considered the statement discrediting
his honor and advantage is clear. Probably, the author wanted to create
emotional contact with the reader, but unsuccessful establishment of
communications led to the disrespectful statement about the real person.
Incorrectly constructed offer and the inexact word in the press, can turn the
person with good reputation into object of a gossip and suspicions.
In competitive fight for the reader newspapers try
"to bypass" each other, inventing everything new forms of giving of
journalistic materials. Wishing to approach most written language to colloquial
that it became more intelligible, some authors choose a peculiar manner of
communication with the reader where there is an easy sneer, giggling, irony. In
ironic tone narrate not only about policy, about economic and social problems,
but also about the tragic incidents which description, unfortunately, became
the ordinary phenomenon. So, the journalist informs the reader: "on
October 17 improbable and at the same time instructive case occurred at
vocational school No. 2. There was a fire... " (R. and N.) . The situation
with a deadly outcome is also presented in other newspaper as a new joke:
"Extremely unsuccessful day had the 28-year-old room thief. The worker of
a master key, without having managed to clean the dwelling chosen by it, died,
escaping from police officers". And the author chose heading - "Unlucky"
(K.N.) . In materials where tragic cases are described, slangy words, and
furthermore irony are inappropriate.
Certainly, the speech actions which are carried out in
the sphere of speech communication and in widely understood sphere of policy,
have to conform to ethical and esthetic requirements and also be implemented
with high degree of responsibility and professionalism. The journalist writes
not about the phenomenon, and about the specific person where it is necessary
to proportion force of ironical blow to a real situation.
Other serious problem is incorrect representation in
the text of the facts and events. Why in mass media the actual mistakes and
inaccuracies are made? As practice shows, generally for two reasons : on
ignorance and due to negligence. And, the last meet much more often: "In
P.'s lucid mind the scheme, known to it according to the school program of
political economy ripened: goods - money – goods" (V.G.). Scheme,
actually, known. But the political economy as a subject in the school program
is absent.
The inaccurate address with figures and units of
measure can lead to an incident. In the «Vzglyad Na Sobytiya» newspaper the
photo where the magnificent three-storyed house is represented draws the main
attention. Under it signature: "Mittal paid 128 thousand for this
"lodge"". First reaction of the reader: in which currency these
thousands: in tenge? in rubles? in dollars? in euro? Anyway don't leave doubt:
the sum is too inadequate. In big, on the whole strip, article as an illustration
to which the picture serves, we find the phrase: "All perfectly remember
how the western press "savoured" details of a wedding of the daughter
Lakshmi of Mittal in France and purchase of the most expensive mansion in
London for which the Indian billionaire laid out 128 million dollars". As
we see, a difference in the figures which are data, considerable. The reader
confused.
Any
ambiguity in the journalistic text is unacceptable therefore correctness of
transfer and exact development of the actual material is so important. It is
known how the reader sharply reacts to any inaccuracy. Low-quality and
unchecked materials undermine trust not only to the concrete publication, but
also cause negative attitude to the edition as a whole. Sometimes unreliable
information extends under the gossips. In this regard it should be noted
delusion occurring among beginning journalists. It is considered that if in the
reporting such speech turns "as speak", "on hearings",
"allegedly", etc., the author and edition are exempted from liability
as supposedly the author warns that for reliability of information doesn't
warrant. The legislation, really, information distribution with the instruction
on its not evidence, that it is based on hearings or data from "the
informed circle, wished to remain the unknown" isn't forbidden. But it is thus important to know that
similar links aren't included in the list of the bases exempting journalists
from liability for distribution of data, untrue and discrediting honor and
dignity of citizens, or striking their rights and legitimate interests.
During
research of a problem it becomes clear that most often admissible the
journalist is beyond because of any
malicious motives but wishing to recover the speech, to make it less official,
informal, sometimes seeking to self-express, be remembered to the reader.
Causes of infringement of speech etiquette can be negligent, sometimes the
thoughtless work with language, sometimes low professional level writing,
inability to find a faultless form of expression of the necessary thought and
its emotional coloring.
Undoubtedly, the journalist has to follow the general moral and ethical
installations, such, as tolerance, a correctness, self-censorship,
self-restriction, self-control. That is, before setting the text into print, it
is necessary to eliminate everything that is contrary to norms of public
morals, can offend the reader.
The journalism assumes as a duty of those who is
working in it, the conscientious, responsible attitude to the activity, i.e.
ability to represent all public consequences. Possessing the right for public
intervention in the most various aspects of life, the founder of media - the
text is obliged to approach extremely seriously to the solution of a question
on removal of results of the investigation on public court. On journalists
because of their mass information
nature of their activity, lies big responsibility for formation of public
opinion, development of social moral guidelines. The more opportunities to
influence public life it is given to journalists, the higher and a measure of
their social responsibility.
The great French thinker René Descartes noticed
once: "Truly define words, and you release the world from a half of
misunderstanding". As well as medical workers, journalists have to seek
not to do much harm first of all.
List of References
1 . Yu.N. guard about a condition of Russian of the
present. // The report at conference "Russian and the present. Problems
and prospects of development of Russian philology". M, 1991.
2 . Vinogradov S. I. Yazyk of the newspaper in aspect
of the standard of speech//Culture of the Russian speech and efficiency of
communication. M, 1996.
3. Abbreviations of names of weeklies: Century -
"Look", V.G. - "The evening newspaper", K.N. -
"Criminal news", R. and N. - "Advertizing and news".