Филологические науки/7.Язык, речь, речевая коммуникация

Bulatova M.B.

Kostanay State University named after A. Baitursynov, Kazakhstan

Essay as a genre of publicism

Essay is a genre which is wider, compared with a report, more analytical and more "personal». In an essay a fact or event is not only reproduced, but also serves as an occasion for author’s thoughts, generalizations and posing any problems. Author’s “I”in essay brings a deep content, performs a big psychological burden, determines the style and tone of the work. And the main role of essay in the organization of the material is to make the work bright publicistic (though there are few solemn, inspirational words in the essay)- this is a deeply emotional author’s thought, which comments, compare and evaluate.

Author's comment in an essay which is various in stylistic forms is the essence, the living soul of the genre. The image of the author - is the center, the focus, to which converge and which defines all the main features of an author's style. Essay is the form of genre, in which the author’s “I”, the image of the author (its relation to reality, to the subject of the image)are the engine of plot development, main and organizing material. In this regard, the essay is the "subjective" journalistic genre. In this are his strength and expressiveness. It attracts precisely by the openness of feelings and thoughts of the author who shares with the reader with intimate, with what one went through and thought-out. In the style of the essay’s genre it has much in common with diary notes.

In recent essay has ceased to be the main genre in both the central and the regional press. Now, however, this genre can still be found among analytical articles, reports and correspondence. Now werefer to the essay of A.Ermolovich “shmonat’ vseh” which is published in the regional newspaper "Kostanay news". In this material is represented author’s argumentation about what a person can experience in district Akimats when on the entry his pockets and bags will be inspected by metal detector.

The author writes: "The last time I was so tormented at the international airport, and in prison, where I came to do a report about the life of prisoners. Logically: operating factories. And why do quiet districts Akimats have increased security measures? I asked a question and immediately stumbled upon announcement of official representative of Agency for Combating Economic Crimes and Corruption Murat Zhumabay that “78 % of all the facts of corruption are on the conscience of civil servants and their local government offices”. I do not see a direct connection between these facts, but I have some bad associations". Author's reflections are clearly seen in the text and questions are made. Author’s speech incorporates a dialogue and debate with an imaginary opponent. “Before treating a society, we need to know by which it is sick". These words belong to Kalmuhambetov Kasymov, the Head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.“In the context of diagnosis there is a desire to tell the chief police of the country that the public responds badly react to the unjustified police surveillance, where there is no need in it” it is author's own commentary to the phrase, which is typical for the essay . “There is a small crowd behind. Feeling like in the bath – you are not naked, but you want to cover yourself from prying eyes ... It feels sorry for women with their handbags: something which makes them blush, falls on the table”.

All these phrases are evaluative, which are connected with the creation of reader’s attitude to the transmitted information.

Let us turn to another publication from "Kostanay news”- it’s the essay of M.Kostrova “In order the puppet began alive”. It is told there how puppets are created for doll puppet show. The author immediately denotes the place of action “Kostanay regional puppet theater”. “There are puppets, paints and masks everywhere in the spacious room. Svetlana Olegovna, a chief artist is the little hostess of the big kingdom of backstage work. And her sister Anna Ogneva is a seamstress. Nadezhda Kuznetsova and Lyubov Lipinskaya are props. There are typical features of the essay - the accuracy, real names, and description of a specific place of action.

"Now I know how to make a papier-mache: pieces of newsprint paper are molded to paste layer-by- layer tomask-face. Truly, I was bored with this work, - honestly, this work isn’t for me”. Saying his opinion, the author demonstrates the openness of his feelings and thoughts. He compares what he saw with author’s own experience, here is used the form of inserted story, which is typical for essay genre: "Work is familiar, and It gave me the nostalgic memories - in student construction team, I with my classmate laid on the walls "Alineks" and then worked with emery. It was a fun! And you know, it turned out that the decorators work with the trademark «Alineks".

From all which had been said, we can conclude that the essay is a genre features two main functions - function of the message and the impact function by expressing the author's position. The narrator does not remain impassive in one case, people and events appear to the reader in the light of the author's assessment. All based on the fact: to interest the reader, to intrigue him with impressions and comments.