Филологические науки/ 7.Язык, речь, речевая коммуникация
Bulatova
M.B.
Kostanay
State University named after A. Baitursynov, Kazakhstan
Modern
Technology and New Media
A lot of Web-designers agree that one of the main
problems of Web-design is a variety of browsers and platforms, and supporting
different HTML and scripts by each of them. With the release of each new
browser their characteristics and capabilities improve, but it does not mean
that earlier versions of browsers disappear. The majority of people do not tend
to chase after the latest and best ones. Some people content with what they
have, while others are likely to work on the computers of companies or
institutions who have chosen browsers for them.
How to make the design of Web-page aesthetically and
technically interesting, and not ignoring the owners of the previous versions
of browsers? There are no strict rules in the Web-design. Our main task is to
make the page content accessible to the maximum number of users, sothe moving
forward and the experiment, and the use of new technologies taking into
consideration the existing realities are equally important. The keystone to the
success of the design decision is in the understanding of the audience’s needs
and in clear view how the site will be used.
Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer are
the main browsers which dominated in the market.They with all their version are
about 90% (or more) of today used browsers. These two browsers compete for the
dominance in the market. The result of their struggle is branded collection of
NTML tags, as well as the implementation of various incompatible technologies
(the infamous Dynamic HTML, and also JavaScript and Cascading Style Sheets).On
the other hand, the competition between Netscape and Microsoft contributed to a
rapid development of the Web environment.
Most of the Web-authors are guided by Navigator and
Internet Explorer in their work, as they take the lion's share of the market.
Nevertheless, there are other browsers that you can take into consideration.
In the version of Internet Explorer 4.0 for Macintosh
there are no such functional abilities, which the version created for Windows
has. So the use of a number of special features in version 4.0 can exclude some
usersfrom the game.
Some documented differences include: lack of support
for embedded fonts, lack of support for CSS filters and transitions (visual
effects, such as shadows cast by an object that is used for text elements), the
lack of media controls (transition effects and animations, which are usually
created by multimedia software copyright), problems with the implementation of
DHTML.
Despite the statements of Microsoft, that DHTML is
maintained on all platforms, it is especially unreliable on the computers with
Macintosh platform.
The users of the America Online (AOL) employ one of
the seven possible browsers (depending on the platform and the version of the
software AOL), some of them provide only the most minimal support HTML.
The latest version oftheAmerica Online for PC - is
3.0, which uses an adapted version of Microsoft InternetExplorer
3.0.Nevertheless, you cannot always rely on this version as well as you cannot
rely on the standard version MSInternet Explorer 3.0. (Functionality is limited
especially for the users of Macintosh).Many Web developers often horrified to
see the design of theirsites(which works fine in most of major browsers), after
it was launched in the AOL system and displayed by one of its browsers.
Problems arise partly due to the fact that AOL relies
on the proxies and the methods of the image compression.It is known that AOL
uses the image compression method, which has problems with displaying of the
JPEG-graphs that manifested in stains and colored stripes. Problems in the
derivation of background images were also noted.
In addition, some technologies such as Java and
Cascading Style Sheets are not available to the users of Windows 3.0 (about 40%
of users AOL). The owners of Macintosh computers will not be able to use Java
Script and number of other opportunities (about 8% of users).
Fortunately, a special website iscreated to help those
Web- designers who strive to make their pages interesting and accessible to
users of AOL. Table browsers also deserve a particular attention, becausethere
you can find a special list for each of the browsers (for versions and
platforms), the list of supported features and technologies, and the failure
rates for each of the browsers [1].WebTV gives Web to our apartment through an
ordinary TV with the remote control (also, if desired, people can use the
keyboard).To view the Web-pages, WebTV uses its own dedicated browser.It parses
in accordance with the standard HTML 3.2, but it does not provide the
opportunities of displaying frames, Java, Java Script, ActiveX, or any other
formats that require embedded applications (except the embedded Shockwave and
RealAudio 3.0). Many new branded HTML-tags are also created. They are used only
by WebTV [2].
Since the WebTV displays the image on the TV screen,
there are new requirements to the color characteristics and display
requirements [3].
Although Opera is not on the first place by the
frequency of use, but many developers continue to test their sites in Opera,
just to verify their code.
Lynx is a free browser, which allows viewing only a
text. It offers you a fast and reliable access to the Web. He earned the
reputation as the lowest common denominator of the standard, used for testing
of the Web-page by the basic functional characteristics.Despite its simplicity,
this browser does not become obsolete. Lynx is constantly being improved and
upgraded. Now it provides support of tables, forms, and even JavaScript!
People use Lynx; therefore do not be surprised if a
customer will order site development for Lynx.This browser is also important
for the visually impaired: they use Lynx along with the voice devices.
It will be easier to decide which technology to use
and where to draw the line for backward compatibility, if you know what
browsers are most commonly used. The most reliable information, of course, you can
get driving the statistics of the site visits.
Tracking server software usually classifies visits in
the browsers, which make the requests. Therefore, if only 20% of visitors to a
created website use the version of the browsers 4.0, developersshould postpone
the transition to the use of style sheets [4].
Before designing a new website, it is necessary to
conduct the research into which platforms, browsers, and technical innovations
in preference and what connection speed is used by potential users.In the case
of redesigning of the existing site developers should previously analyze the
records on the server storing the information about the use of the site. [5]
In the design of the sites appear not just decorative
elements such as rounded edges, highlights, huge buttons, large caps with large
clear logos that are considered hallmarks of the style WEB 2.0, but functional
and comfortable. More and more corporate sites are aimed at the effective
interaction with users.Hence, there is an easy navigation, the ease of the use,
the allocation of critical blocks by a large font or color, simple organization
of space, white background for easy reading, the central placement, and the
minimum number of columns, blogging structure, and the availability of
important information from the home page.
In conclusion we can say that before the development
of a site it is necessary to conduct research into which platforms, browsers, technical
innovations in preference, what connection speed is used by potential users,
what features of the site should be considered: increased attendance, version
compatibility, design, functionality, speed, as well as the graphics display
web pages.
Literature
1. http://webmaster.info.aol.com.
2. Web-based technologies. Hramtsov P.B., Brik
S.A.Rusak A.M.Spb. 2005.
3. Kramer. HTML: intuitive Web-design course. SPB.
2005.
4. Niderst. Web-masteringfor professionals, Desk
Reference. Moscow: Higher School. 2004.
5. Arthur Cohn. Secrets of the Internet.
Series "Training", Rostov N / A: Phoenix, 2000 - 320C.