Kushkinbayeva
Karlyga Temirzhanovna
MA, teacher of the
Department of applied linguistics
of Kostanay State
University named after Akhmet Baitursynov
The poem and the plot
If we try to study
the history of poem, one of genres in Kazakh literature, its appearance,
peculiar features of its development, define its classification by content we
can find lots of interesting facts. According to the content and composition poems are divided into two categories. They are lyrical,
publicistic poems and narrative poems.
The difference of poem from other
literature genres is in its capability to attract reader’s whole attention at once. The
particular feature of poem lies in its rhyme, content,
type, unusual and deep idea, rhythm, melody, inspiring dynamics [1.2.].
Let’s first talk
about narrative poem. Poem is a piece of poetry where epic and lyric features are mixed. So do we need
narrative poems then? What is more important for poem: plot or content and
stable dynamics? We consider deep idea and stable dynamics to be more important
than a plot. That’s true, because the content of the poem is not just a number
of events collected in it. But it is the shortest way to reach readers’ minds.
That is the way through which the author delivers ideas without creating a
complicated story. Here
we can clearly see knowledge level, mastery, creativity, poetic philosophy of a
poet.
Zhuban Moldagaliyev’s poem «Zhyr
turaly zhyr» [A poem about poem] is among his most precious and realistic poems. Where in this poem
can we see the mastery of Zhuban? The author coped to capture a warrior poet
Zhalel’s lifefull of battles in the short poem and more over to lighten up
agreat figure of the noble man facing his death. How did he manage to do it? He
does it without any narrative tools [1.2.].
Even the first lines can
awaken readers emotions:
«Æàéëàñûï æàòûð àқûðûí,
Çàë òîëû – æûðäûң äîñòàðû.
Òûңäàìàқ àáçàë
àқûíûí,
Àðäàқòû Îòàíäàñòàðû.
Àқûí øå? Àқûí
êåëìåä³,
Áîñ êүòò³ òөðäå á³ð
îðûí...
Êүìá³ðëåï çàëäû êåðíåä³.
Ñөç àëûï ñîíäà æûðû
îíûң - »
[The verse is given in author’s
free translation
I see the hall is
full of crowd
All of them are
poem lovers
Ready to catch
poet’s words
Devoted countrymen.
While the poet is
not among them
In vain they wait
for the idol
But suddenly the
hearts were trembled by
Sincere words of
poem song]
Here the reader can
stop reading or even listening to the author. Everyone comes to a question
where the poet is. The reader now is not expected to quit. He is in embraced by charms of the poem.
Suddenly it can be
heard:
«Îé äà үç³ëä³ çàìàòòà,
Îðíàäû қàéòà
òүí-òүíåê.
Áұðàóû á³òêåí
ñàғàòòàé,
Ñàìàðқàó ñîғûï
òұðæүðåê.
Ñîë ғàíà îÿó, ñîë ò³ð³ –
Ñàíàéäû àçàï êүíäåð³í.
Өçãåñ³í ôàøèñò
өëò³ðä³ –
Äәðìåíñ³ç äåíå, ò³ë, åð³í»
The lines reveal tragic destiny of
the poet.
M.Makatayev considers the poem
to be worth due to its content and lyrical dynamics, complex logic, but not a
breathtaking plot.
Looking at Zh. Moldagaliyev’s poem «Men kazakpyn [I am Kazakh]» we see that it is not a
narrative poem too. It is a publicistic poem. It is a highly inspired work.
But not being a narrative poem it is created with a flood of emotions. The
author illustrates historic events, bitter truth of past.
«Men kazakpynmynolip,
myntirilgen [I am Kazakh hundred times died, hundred times risen again]»[2.324]–beginning the
poem with these words he showed terrible historical events past many years ago, dark period under the
rule of invaders.
Ìåí қàçàқïûí, àæàëñûç àëàìûí ìåí.
Құðñàғûíà
ñèäûðûï äàëàíû êåң.
Ïәê ñәáèì³í
áåñ³êòå ó³ëäåãåí.
Äәó³ðëåðìåí
құðäàñïûí, äàëàìûí ìåí.
Îñûíäàé áîï á³ëìåéì³í
ê³ìíåí òóäûì.
Áәëêè
қàéñàқ, áәëêè á³ð ãүííåí òóäûì.
Äåï øàòûïòû á³ðåóëåð
«êүííåí òóäûì»
Æîқ, ñ³ðә,
ìåí қàðà құë, êүңíåí òóäûì[2.324].
[The verse is given in author’s
free translation
I am Kazakh, I can
easily seize
My motherland
inside my soul
Like a baby lying
in the cradle
I am the land as
old as the century
I don’t know
parents who made me live
Someone has told
the sun is my creator
No no, I am a
slave, I born from [2.324].
Revealing
sharp-true facts of the history this poem takes over the reader’s soul. The following lines show
contemporary life conditions of Kazakh people:
Ìåí қàçàқïûí,
áåëä³ì³í, áàéòàқ åëì³í,
Қàéòà òóäûì, өì³ðãå
қàéòà êåëä³ì.
Ìåí ìûңäà á³ð ò³ð³ëä³ì
ìәңã³ өëìåñêå,
Ìåí Қàçàқ åñ³ì³í àéòà
êåëä³ì...
Àéòà áåðã³ì êåëåä³, àéòà áåðã³ì[2.353].
[The verse is given in author’s
free translation
I am Kazakh, I am
the land
I have reborn, I
have come to life
I have risen
thousand times
Exalting the name
of Kazakh…[2.353].
The narrative mood
reflected in the poem makes reader be sympathetic to author’s ideas.
Scrupulously chosen word combinations deliver the target state of naked sharp
reality. The poet’s some of the most successful publicisticpoetic pieces
arelyrics. Being
a publicistic poem it is
also represents
a king of a lyric thingking.
Second type of poem is narrative
poem. KalizhanBekhozhin
is one of the great epic writers, author of many researches of historic topics
discussed in poems.
For
discussion we can take K. Bekhozhin’s narrative poem «BatyrNauan [Nauan, the great
warrior]».
It is devoted to Kenesary Kasymov’s brave revolt against Russian empire slavery politics.
The story begins
with Akhmet’streachery.His evil creature obviously comes out of actions such as stealing of cattle and thieve of a black-eyed
beauty.In
such a way, having taken a girl, he comes to a young man asking for help in
returning his “bride” not knowing that the “bride” was promised to a young man.
Áәð³íåí
àéáûíû àðòûқ áàòûð Íàóàí
Қàçàқòà
áàòûð áàð ìà æåòêåí îғàí? [3.127]
[The verse is given in author’s
free translation
The bravest man
Nauan
If there is someone
to compete?
…
FollowingpoetNysanbai’swaytheauthordepictsBatyrNauanastheonetostruggleagainstinvasion.
Íàóàííûң
ì³íåç³ áàð æàñòûқ, àëáûðò,
Қàçàқòà
áàòûð áàð ìà îäàí àðòûқ?
Àққàóûç
àқ қàíàòòû àò åìåñ ïå,
Æөíåëä³
àëòû àðқàäàí àëòû-àқ қàðғûï [3.135].
[The verse is given in author’s
free translation
Nauan is wit and
piercing
There is no warrior
equal to him
He reaches Akhmet’s villageat night and comes to
Akhmet, kills him, ties the officer. The girl goes out along with him and he reunites two young creatures. He
places the officer on the horse back, gives out a battle cry. Nauryzbai ties the
officer to the tree, screams and rides towards theenemies.
Åð
Íàóàí æàó ³ø³íäå îéíàқ ñàëäû,
Òîқñàíû
Íàóðûçáàéäû îðòàғà àëäû.
Íàéçàñûí
àëäû-àðòûíà ñ³ëòåé áåðä³.
Òүí
åä³ êөç òүðòê³ñ³ç òàñ қàðàңғû[3.139].
«Êåíå
қàéäà êåòò³ áàòûð Íàóàí
Åð
áàð ìà ïàð êåëåò³í áұë êүíäå îғàí» -
Äåñò³
äå, áàòûðëàðû øóûëäàñòû
Äàóûëäàé
äàóñû øûғûï àқ îðäàäàí[3.144]
[The verse is given in author’s
free translation
Nauan is fighting in an enemy circle
Nauryzbaysurrounded
by 90 soldiers
Having managed to
hold the line
They struggled side
by side in the dark
Where is Nauan?
Do we have same
kind of great warrior?
Warriors
praisedtheir leader
And Akorda trembled
due to disputes inside.]
«Batyr Nauan» is poet’s unique
work burst form inside of his heart.
It is an evident illusration of bravery of
Kazakh people giving rebuff to invaders.
Poem speaks about the tsar army’s
intrusion into peaceful Kazakh lands, crushing settlements and murdering people, which
is vividly illustrated in it.
Battle scenes with Kenesary and
his brother, brave warriors’ actions make reader to have the taste of pain.
National hero
Nauryzbai’s portrait represented in the poem is a high creative contribution of
the author. The language of the poem is captivate and charming
Comprising many
historical facts about liberation wars flavored with embroidery language «BatyrNauan» is an exceptional example of
poem in the history of Kazakh epic poetry[4.66].
After getting independence of our motherland, it is necessary to look
from new point of view at the topics touched in Kazakh literature; to define
narrative poem’s place in science, study it thoroughly, intershare ideas.
Literature:
[The titles are given in author’s
translation]
1.
M. Makatayev. Kazakh adebieti[Kazakh literature]. 21st
September 1962
– 2 p.
2.
Zh. Moldagaliyev. Kyzykkajin [Red birch].Astana: Elorda, 2000–375 p.
3.
K. Bekhozhin. Batyr Nauan [Nauan, the great warrior].Astana: Elorda, 2000–272 p.
4.
A. Narymbetov. Kalizhan Bekhozhin [KalizhanBekhozhin]. Almaty «Rauan» 1993-104 p.