Экономические науки/14. Экономическая теория
Ph.D. Shurda K.E.
Theoretical and methodological bases of rational
use the weather-climatic resources
This article is devoted to theoretical and systemic nature in the area of the Economy of nature exploitation arising in the process of introducing a new category of
"weather-climatic resource."
Using analytical strategies
and based on a system-parametric approach, the concept of "
weather-climatic resource" is integrated on the basis of semantically related concepts. On the one hand, the
concept of weather-climatic resources deployed
as a configurator of these
components: the weather-climatic
potential, natural resources and vital
potential (both social and
spiritual). On the other hand, the concept of weather-climatic resources integrated on the basis of two other
basic concepts: natural resources and life support level
(quality of life) [1].
If weather-climatic
resources, we consider how any sources and prerequisites of obtaining the
necessary for the people
of material and spiritual goods, then antiresources
- the prerequisites of material, spiritual loss, etc. [2]. With the help of this concept may solve
the problem of identifying the
factors that lead to positive or
negative impact of weather-climatic resources on economic development, i.e. factors (conditions) that
promote or hinder economic
growth of regions and the state. Information about weather-climatic resources as one of the most important natural resources, is also the public domain, because all human development is based on the development and processing of information from the environment and
accumulate society.
What is the scope of the concept, where
it can be effective? In our opinion, it should be considered
as a scale on
which to weigh the various
political, economic and social acts. For example, when levels of authority to make any decision,
it can be evaluated in terms of which way - improvements, or vice versa, or
even worsening weather-climatic
destruction of the resource - it works. This is perfectly acceptable indicator specifying
the many controversial arguments
about the economic or social expediency of
public utility etc. [3].
This article presents the vision of a non-standard and a new look at the weather-climatic conditions, which is the translation of weather-climatic conditions in the
resources. Why is this happening,
what has caused? Such a interpretation shall
entail series of further questions
that arise among theorists
and specialists in the field of
traditional economic theory
of vision. In the plane of the economy of nature
exploitation visible blurring of categorical display basic
conceptual thought, which is due to the
fact that the theoretical basis of this specialty is underdeveloped. This is exacerbated by Ukraine's
transition to new economic
conditions.
On the one hand, in the sphere of the production all forms of property rights are
clearly defined, the relations of production are
determined, the cost is also clear in the area of
relations on the use environmental and natural resources, but
there are many unresolved issues. For
example, there is no clear definition of the cost of land also is not
clearly defined who it belongs as property, both in
the cities and on the whole territory of Ukraine. In this
regard, it is necessary to develop a new categorical and conceptual
apparatus and related theoretical propositions that
could organize our thinking and to determine the
future direction of scientific research.
Currently, there is a general trend, both in
Ukraine and in Russia, translation, for example, environmental conditions in the facilities. This is due to the
fact that the services must be paid, and we are in
the process of capitalization, enter the stringent capital relationships
related to nature exploitation. It is also
associated with the new relationships that are
formed in the economic relations of production
nature. They are mediated by social and economic shifts that
are happening in our society at the present time, which results in difficulties arising theoretical character.
Considered the question of
transfer weather-climatic conditions
in life is extremely important, because when considering the resource, more tangible than
the weather-climatic conditions, we can calculate it in some
way. In this case, our minds are focused
on the developed methodology. We can assess the damage from the use weather-climatic resources, we know level of resources used, that
is able to assess
them. But, in the use weather-climatic resources, it is necessary to take into account their non-linear, which means that we can determine
the value of weather and climate conditions in the
traditional sense, a business entity form through the
development weather-climatic resources in a particular area . Unambiguous
assessment weather-climatic resources for
today does not exist, we have to resolve tensions
arise even in theory, non-linear approach to the problem, based on the
particular situation, which is subject to review.
Weather-climatic conditions significantly affect the
nature of the space,
whether it is a region or reverse differentiation from
climate change: what area of a particular
combination weather-climatic conditions,
the most efficient use of a economic activity. In that case, the economy is seen as a tool of human interaction with nature. This is the
theoretical promise for further development of the theory economy
of nature exploitation.
Resource and an opposite antiresours - this is
the delta on which our efforts are oriented in
order to effectively use a particular space in a
particular economic activity. With this approach, the
contradiction and the opportunity to raise and enable questions economization
of environmental problems, including the problem of the use weather-climatic resources.
It should be noted that the weather-climatic resources, weather-climatic conditions - an
extremely difficult object to study [4]. There
is a lot in terms of economic relations, and uncertainties. Diverting these
uncertainties in a certain plane, understandable, and we learned, is an extremely actual problem. Really, taking
it to estimated economic categories in the plane of the market
economy also lies in the definition of property relations. Undefined property
relations in the use weather-climatic resources cause problems
with theoretical approaches to evaluation designs.
In scientific works of
Nobel Prize winners,
namely, Milton Friedman, Theodore
Schultz, Ronald Coase, Gary Becker, Elinor Ostrom, Elliot Alvin Roth shows a restriction of market-based solutions of
fundamental strategic goals of sustainable social and
economic development, market practices in the management of natural
resources. This is, of course, raises
the question of unification of administrative and market methods
of determining the cost-effectiveness of market-based methods
of management and also consider the desirability of using
administrative methods in each case.
Economic assessment weather-climatic resources
and antiresources - it is their monetary value, defined in
terms that can be used in the design and management. Economic
evaluation, first (with respect to resource estimates) characterizes the economic results of their use, and second (with respect to environment
assessment) reflects the impact of the economic consequences on the natural environment. The
most common are the latest indicators of economic losses from
pollution, violations of the natural environment.
Economic evaluation of weather-climatic resource is the definition of public utility of weather-climatic
resources in
absolute (monetary) or relative (expressed in points) indicators. In the analysis of weather-climatic
resources (mathematical) take notice of the necessary (economic
requirements) and sufficient (existing capacity) conditions [5].
The economic essence of resource categories and antiresource related to income, profits, use the opportunity to obtain material goods. The criteria for these categories should be associated with their use, namely, with the efficiency of use under certain conditions. To antiresource - a measure of potential risks, damages, his functional ability. When categorical description the antiresource primarily seen him substantial side and its properties, the ability to apply the criterion assessment of his abilities. These are the positive effects of it (the result) and efficiency – when the effect is compared with the costs. The positive is the cost of using antiresources, and the negative - the cost of repairing the damage from antiresources.
Economic damage from the weather-climatic resource - this is actual or potential
economic and social costs that
result from abnormal, catastrophic or long-acting adverse
weather phenomena [6]. Stands out direct damage - are expenses for remediation of impacts, underproduction
of industrial, agricultural products, violation
of traffic operations,
etc., and indirect damage - it damages arising from
any adverse effects on the productive forces of society, by people (an increase of
morbidity, disability, psychological
effects, frustration (for example, tourists about
recreational facilities).
As criteria can be used indicators
of changes the dynamics of
resources and antiresources. Scale of
criteria must take into account three
types of criteria: nature
protection, anthropoecological and economic.
The main features of weather-climatic resources:
-
The ability to self-regulation of quantitative
and qualitative status;
-
The ability to go from one qualitative state to
another as a result of evolution,
and under the influence of human impacts;
-
Relation particular condition, and estimates
of weather-climatic resources
with the conditions of human
activity, the dependence of qualitative states weather-climatic resources from technological method, the nature and intensity of production and non-production activities of people;
-
The dependence of the quantity and quality of each
resource on the amount, the
quality and changes of other resources.
Summary of the economic-ecological bases
of rational use weather-climatic resources is to develop a theoretical-methodological
and methodical basis
of interconnected ecological and economic policy:
1)
as a complex of economic and
organizational measures in sphere of use
weather-climatic resources
and appropriate response to the situation of manifestations antiresources;
2)
as a complex of official
views, positions, principles and norms
that define the orientation
of the activities government and
different institutions in dealing economic-ecological
problems associated with accounting and use of weather-climatic resources;
3)
the development of national
programs and projects to prevent
dangerous weather-climatic changes and their economic and environmental impacts.
References:
1.
Шурда
К.Э. Ресурсы и антиресурсы погодно-климатического фактора (экономико-экологический
аспект): монография. – Одесса: Ин-т пробл. рынка и экон.-экологич. исслед. НАН Украины,
2012. – 314 с.
2.
Shurda K.E. Category “antiresource” in the context of socio-economic and economic-ecological research
// Ключевые вопросы современной науки – 2011: VII междунар. науч.-практич. конф., 17 – 25 апр. 2011 г.; сб. науч. статей – София, 2011. – Том 18.
Икономики. – С.3-6.
3.
Shurda K.E. Economic usefulness of weather-climatic information // Актуальные проблемы современных наук – 2012: VIII междунар. науч.-практ., 07-15 июня 2012 г.: сб.
науч. статей – Пшемышль, 2012. – Т.11. Экономические науки. – С.5-10.
4.
Шурда
К.Э. Погодно-климатический ресурс: экономико-экологические проблемы
использования и контроля: монография. – Одесса: Фенікс,
2007. – 343 с.
5.
Shurda K.E. Weather-climatic conditions and factors as resource of economic development // Економічні інновації: зб. наук. пр. – Одеса, 2012. – Вип. 48. – С. 274-280.
6.
Шурда
К.Э. Экономические последствия
природно-климатических трансформаций на территории Украины (1997-2008 г.г.)
// Економічні інновації: зб. наук. пр. – Одеса, 2011. – Вип. 44. – С. 336-343.