Krikovtsova N. N.

post - graduate student anti - crisis management,

taxes and taxation department, Kuban State University, Russian Federation

The influence of economic activity of the power industry

enterprises on the ecology the Territory of Krasnodar

Environmental aspects of the energy sector development at the stage of extraction, transformation and transport of energy resources are various and cover the following issues: air protection from heat, aerosol and radiation pollution and maintaining the gas composition of the atmosphere; water resources protection from heat, chemical and radioactive pollution, restoring water resources; rational use of land resources. The development of electricity affects the environment in the following ways: atmospheric thermal water pollution, irretrievable losses in water supply plants, the necessity to eliminate waste at classical thermal power plants and radioactive waste disposal, the transmission of lines caused by reservoirs varying the flows with in the construction of hydropower plants [1, page 171].

The man’s impact on the environment is the highest in energy sector, both globally and in the Territory of Krasnodar, when generating capacities. Thermal power plants (TPP ) in the Krasnodar region function on two main types of fuel: gas and fuel oil. When burning gas thermal power plants emit nitrogen oxides and heat. Unlike other pollutants nitrogen oxide emissions can be reduced by using the so-called primary methods which include multistage burnings, combustion gas recycling, water injection. As a rule, it is enough to use primary measures of nitrogen oxides suppression for the thermal power plants burning natural gas.

There is a high level of air pollution in the city caused by emissions from thermal power industry, petrochemical, oil-refining, as well as fuel and wood-processing industries. In the central part of the city the content of nitrogen dioxide and carbon oxide in the air is 1,5 - 2 times higher than in other parts of the city. This is due to the constant flow of emissions in the city center from the enterprises located on the outskirts of the city with predominant Western, North – eastern and Eastern winds.

In the North - Western part of the city, which is under of emissions from medical and biological enterprises the concentration of methyl alcohol is above limit norm. The amount of nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, phenol, and other substances increases in the air. In winter it is connected with the TPP, boiler- houses and other plants in case they operate under stress loads.

The industrial area of the city is more polluted by heat emission from boilers, chemical factory, mirror – furniture factory, industrial company «Krasnodarsteklo», fat and oil plant, piano factory "Kuban" and vehicles.

One of the main reasons significantly affecting the atmosphere of the Territory of Krasnodar, is the release of pollutants from motor vehicles and it amounts approximately to 670 k.t/year. Pollutants from mobile sources amount to more than 80% [2, page 29].

Let's examine the case of a car servicing company. The composition of emitted pollutants includes: benzopyrene, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon oxide, gasoline, kerosene, black carbon (soot), nitrogen oxide, carbons limit C12-C19, gland oxide, white corundum [Tab. 1].

Table 1

A list of pollutants released into the atmosphere by a car servicing company

No.	Name	Use criterion in room	The criterion value, mg/m3	Hazard class	Total emission of substance
					g/s	m/year
1	Iron oxide	C/MPS	0,04000	3	0,0032000	0,000058
2	Nitrogen dioxide (Nitrogen (IV) oxide)	MPC m/r	0,20000	3	0,0005847	0,002067
3	Nitrogen (II) oxide) (Nitrogen oxide)	MPC m/r	0,04000	3	0,0000950	0,000336
4	Carbon (soot)	MPC m/r	0,15000	3	0,0000236	0,000043
5	Sulfur dioxide- sulphur Anhydride	MPC m/r	0,50000	3	0,0001435	0,000606
6	Hydrogen sulphide	MPC m/r	0,00800	2	0,0000028	0,000060
7	Carbon oxide	MPC m / r	5,00000	4	0,0063500	0,031514
8	Benzo ( a ) pyrene// (3,4 - benzopyrene)	MPC s/s	0,00000	1	0,0000000	0,000000
9	Gasoline (oil, low-sulphurous)	MPC m/r	5,00000	4	0,0023175	0,011141
10	Kerosene	FOO	1,20000		0,0001278	0,000232
11	Hydrocarbons limit C12-C19	MPC m/r	1,00000	4	0,0021801	0,045834
12	White Corundum	FOO	0,04000		0,00022000	0,000040
Total: 12					0,0172250	0,091932
Including solid: 4					0,0054236	0,000141
Liquid/gas: 8					0,0118014	0,091790

Total emissions of the company amount to 0,0911932 t/year, among them solid substances – 0,000141 t/year, liquid and gas – 0,09179 t/year.

Hydrocarbon emission from the surface of ponds, oil traps and others is possible when there is an oil film on the surface of rain sewage.

The amount of carbon released into the atmosphere during a year, t/year:

G = 8,76*q*F*K*10ˉ³, (1)

where F – is the evaporation surface area, M2 (7,2 sq m);

Q – is the quantity of hydrocarbons evaporated, g/m ²* (specific discharge from the oil traps 20 SV°c);

K – is the coefficient of an oil trap covered by slate or other material (when the oil trap is fully covered K=0,1).

Annual fund of operation for an oil trap is 8760 hours.

The maximum emission (g/c) is determined on the basis of the average quantities of hydrocarbons evaporated from 1 m ² surface in summer; emissions are calculated for day and night air temperatures, g/sec.:

М= g*F*K/3600, (2)

If an oil trap is covered by slate or other material, the emission reduces depending on the area covered.

G=8,76*7,2*7,267*0,1*10 ˉ ³ = 0,0458344224 t/year

M=7,267*7,2*0,1/3600=0,0021801 g/sec.

Table 2

Itemizations of car servicing

The name of the substance	%	g / s	m/g
Hydrogen sulphide	0,13	0,0000028	0,00006
Hydrocarbons limit C12-C19	99,87	0,0021801	0,0458344224

The level of air pollution in Krasnodar is much higher above the national average, with the following five polluting substances: benzopyrene, formaldehyde, phenol, dust, nitrogen dioxide. Significant contamination is caused by the violation of operating practices, inefficiencies and malfunction of dust and gas cleaning equipment. The air protection measures are neglected. It is necessary with the present ecological situation to estimate the impact of any activities, disrupting the environment. All technical projects should be subject to ecological expertise.

In conclusion, it should be emphasized that the development of power industry of the Territory of Krasnodar must be considered in terms of its global interaction with environment. This is necessary because emissions from TPP which scatters in the atmosphere and undergo physical - chemical trans formations, are carried away at long distances by air masses. In recent years much attention has been paid to climate change on the planet caused by the violation of radiation heat balance of Earth. It is the result of accumulation of fossil fuel burning (CO₂) in the atmosphere and increase of greenhouse effect.

List of references:

1. Beschinsky A .A., Kogan YU. M. Economic problems of electrification. - M: "Energia", 1976. – 416 p.

2. Tereshina M. B., Lomakin G. A. Krasnodar Region. Sustainable development : experience, problems and prospects. - M: Institute for sustainable development of public Chamber of the Russian Federation/ Centre of environmental policy of Russia, 2011. - 56 p.