History/1. History of Russia

Assistant Golovinova Yu. V.

Altai State University, Russia

Factors forming a regional party elite in the Altai in the late 1930s and in the first half of the 1940s.

Regional party leaders, as well as managerial staffs Party committees at all levels in the Soviet period were a basic mainstay of the central authorities in the province.

They largely determine the socio-economic and political situation in the various territorial space of the USSR.

They form a regional party elite.

The formation of the party elite Altai occurred in difficult historical conditions: administrative-territorial separation region, flywheel repression. To develop further management activities, including in the most important economic sector in the region, during the Great Patriotic War took place in extreme conditions. All these processes were determining factors in the formation of professional functions management party workers, specificity and style of their work. After the war, there were very different tasks to restore the economy of the Altai. In accordance with the growth and modification functions party elite acquired at each stage of its development new forms, with internally focusing on the changing characteristics of the System. In the first two years of the formation of the regional party apparatus of the most important method of administration of the province by the central government had strict administration, when the work of the regional elite was based on the directions and resolutions governing its activities entirely. The main tasks of the Party Committee of the region of the historical segment were recruiting staff of the apparatus of power and determination of delineations of official powers.

It should be understood that the process of administrative-territorial isolation region occurred in 1937−1938 on the background of the "Great Terror," which was largely directed against the cadres of the state apparatus. The policy of repression made the most important factor in the formation of the party organs in the region. In 1938, in the Altai region subjected to repressive purges certain number of secretaries of city and district committees of the All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks) [1, p. 7, 30, 113, 232]. Already at the first regional party conference held in June 1938, calls for the intensification of the fight against the «enemies of the people» were heard in the report made by the first secretary of the Regional Committee of the VKP(b) L.N .Gusev, and in every speech the delegates. «We can just say, − said the first secretary of the Regional Committee in June 1938, − that in our Altai region in the past year this filth − «enemies of the people» were exposed and destroyed many» [2. l. 48].

Repressions affected all levels of regional authorities. Beginning in the district and city committees, they were parallel and in the regional committee of the party. In May 1938 was dismissed second secretary of the Regional Committee of the VKP(b) I.P. Sipchenko. He was charged that he was on good terms with the unmasked enemies of the people who are former executives Zapsibkraykom VKP(b) and the regional executive committee, made "clogging enemies of the people" of district organizations in Rubtsovsk, where he previously worked. Soon, he was arrested and then shot [1, p. 6].

The repression caused severe blow to the regional party committee, depriving it of its experienced staff. But, as noted in his monograph V.P. Mokhov, the impact of the party committees in region on society has not become any less.

They went on to perform a wide range of duties, combining their leadership businesses in the region, as well as at the level of districts, cities, provinces had no executive power structures that have such wide powers as a SNK USSR [3, p. 73].

The Great Patriotic War brought about changes in the professional activities of the party elite in the region. The party apparatus has become even greater impact.

For the period of the war party committees have become, in essence, to the authorities of operational management, taking care of all the current economic, even the most minor issues [3, p. 73−74]. Regional Committee of the VKP(b) actually became the operational headquarters of the leadership over the edge in terms of mobilization. In fact, the party committees replace, Soviet and economic authorities.

During the war, the main activity of the regional party organization focused on solving problems related to the placement of evacuees industry and providing them with skilled labor, energy and partially raw materials.

Total Altai took over the first months of the war more than 100 evacuated enterprises, including 24 factories Union importance [4, p. 151].

In agriculture, the activities of the party has focused on the preparation of the reserve of professionals to replace those who went to the front.

Significant effort by the Party leadership and organization required normal operation of evacuees of higher and secondary specialized educational institutions. Within the management of the party organization remained agitation and propaganda, but their form with the start of the war had to adjust significantly in accordance with the military-political and economic situation. An important place in the activities of regional party elite still occupied decision personnel matters. Regional Committee of the VKP(b) for three years − from 1 July 1941 to 1 July 1944 − on the bureau was discussed 72 issues related to solving the problem of personnel [5, p. 286].

All of the above clearly shows that the political and economic conditions of the pre-war and war years of Russian history set the tone for the functional development of the party's work in the region.

Under extreme conditions of the total mobilization during Great Patriotic war, the party elite in general cope with the tasks, despite the significant resource constraints and, despite the lack of professional experience related to youth cadre corps of party organization.

Literature:

1. Victims of political repression in the Altai region. − V. IV: 1938 − June 1941 − Barnaul, 2002.

2. GAAK. F. P−1. Op. 1. D. 97.

3. Mokhov V.P. Regional political elite of Russia (1945-1991 yy.). − Perm, 2003.

4. Encyclopedia of the Altai region. − Barnaul, 1997. − V.1.

5.

Studies in the History of the Altai region. − Barnaul, 1987.