Technical science/ 4.Transport

Danilenko A., Kalinchenkov V., Osipov V.

Lugansk building сollege, Ukraine

Green plants as a way to reduce accidents on the roads

Abstract. A theoretical study of the effect of greenery on road safety. Proposed to use shrub forest (wild rose, thistle) as a retaining device for reducing the effects from possible damage when the car out beyond the roadway, and as against- blinded screen on the roads I-b category.

Keywords: traffic safety, traffic accident, green areas, vehicle, dividing strip.

Background. In Ukraine, annually occurs almost 200,000 motor vehicle accidents, which killed about 5,000 people, and 38,000 people are injured varying degrees of severity. Of these accidents, about 8 - 10% occur in the traffic accident by moving vehicles outside the roadway and their collision with fixed obstacles (usually - tree) [1].

A large proportion of accidents occur in the category I-b roads where signs factor their commitment is blinded drivers oncoming car headlights. At present, there are engineering equipment that trapping vehicles on the road. This is primarily a cable barrier and fence, which should provide deterrence vehicles are moving carriageway with speed limit suddenly changed direction, and the consequences interaction of the vehicle with the fence should be as safe.

But due to the high estimated cost of these facilities are set only on emergency hazardous sections of roads, bridges and overpasses, roads embankment height of 3 m, the curves having a radius less than 600 m in plan and in some other cases [2].

There used alarm columns [3], but they are more informative function, informing drivers about dangerous bends and direction of the road in terms of, you will not be able to keep the car on the roadway.

Therefore, in areas where no fencing device, there is a very high probability of collision when vehicle out of the limits of the roadway with fixed obstacles (trees, pylons, etc.). The consequences of such accidents are very serious.

The main part. Green plants are part of the engineering and construction of roads should emphasize the specificity of the object, increasing the perception of its transport drivers, pedestrians and passengers. Green areas should solve several problems, including:

- visual perception of the road;

 - creation of conditions for better safety of traffic and people;

- incorporating the roads in the surrounding landscape;

- improve the microclimate.

The severity of the consequences of a collision with a tree depends on several factors, namely the location of the trees away from the edge of the roadway, vehicle speed, shaft diameter and strength of wood. Distance trees from the edge of the roadway defined in ISO 3587-97 [4] (Table 1).

Table 1

Distance trees from the edge of the roadway

Category road	Distance from the edge of the roadway to the nearest edge of tree trunk (bush land), m, not less than
І	14,00
II	11,25
III	9,50
IV	9,00
V	8,25

 In order to reduce the consequences of accidents associated with the departure of vehicles outside the roadway and colliding them with trees and other obstacles, proposed several measures. To minimize the effects of vehicle collision with trees, offered to the first row of trees that grow along the highways (pine, oak, poplar, etc.) to plant shrubs in one or more series. Bushes unlike trees instead of a trunk with thin branches, and therefore much less strength. But at the same number of branches is sufficient to keep the vehicle [5]. Due to the low strength of the branches of shrubs in collaboration with vehicle will be significantly deformed, thereby reducing the effects of the collision to the car. Even a bush would not be able to keep the vehicle, it will reduce its kinetic energy, and therefore its speed, thereby reducing the effects of vehicle collision located behind thickets of trees. Shrubs can also carry decorative function, thereby depriving the state of the driver droningly and ecological function, improving the state of the ecosystem of the road [6].

Quality shrubs planted along the proposed roads should be resistant to local climate and environmental conditions. Along the roads of Lugansk region will be most appropriate to plant shrubs such as rose, thistle, viburnum, mountain ash, barberry, currant. These shrubs adapted to the Lugansk region [7].

To achieve the greatest effect rather strong first row of trees may be planted shrubs such as elderberry and lilac. Compared with other trees that are planted along the road, branches of shrubs with smaller diameter and strength of wood. The consequences of a collision with the tree will be safer for the vehicle and its passengers. Moreover, these plantations have high filtration capacity, they are well protected adjacent fields, shelterbelts and towns of emission cars.

The proposed green spaces can also carry decorative function, with an attractive appearance. Promising proposal is to use the bushes for dividing lane roads I-b category to minimize the effects of glare from the headlights of oncoming traffic. Also planting shrubs on the dividing strip will prevent the vehicle out into the oncoming lane. When considering these proposals were studied experience of road builders of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Experts have been developed recommendations for planting shrub planting on the parting strip [8], among other requirements specified in the recommendations of the minimum allowable width national energy distribution strip - 6m., subject to the existing DBN 2.3.4-2007 [9]. The height of the shrub is proposed to leave no more than 1m. This is because the average height is 80cm car headlights, and the distance from the roadway to the eyes of the driver is 120 cm. [10]. Under the specified size shrub driver can see oncoming vehicles, and while not being blinded by a beam headlights.

Conclusion. Theoretically, substantiates the use of shrubs as a confinement barrier for vehicles left outside the roadway, and as against- blinded screen on the road I-b category; also offered its optimum height. Subject climatic conditions of the region (Lugansk region) offered specific types of shrubs, bushes the optimum distance from the edge of the carriageway with all traffic operational factors.   Looks promising experimental introduction bush on the roads in order to develop (in case of positive results) guidelines for their use in the cases listed.

References

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