Financial
relations
Kapanova
SA, Kushenova M.Sh.
Kyzylorda
State University after Korkyt AtaKyzylorda
ORGANIZATION OF THE CASH TURNOVER OF
ENTERPRISES IN THE SYSTEM OF MACROECONOMIC RELATIONS
Qualitative shifts
in countries with developed market economies indicate that there has been a
significant rearrangement of the factors and sources, that determine the nature
of reproductive processes in the side of their socio-economic orientation.
This clarifies that situation, when a priority in the system of reproduction is
a wide range of successive transformations
of cash relations organization mechanism of society as a necessary element of
the economic basis, productive effect of which is the formation of financial
capacity at both local and aggregate levels of management.
Dominant in the
formation of such model of reproduction, in our opinion, is the monetary
component, presented as a unified, coherent, consistent system of cash flow of
real sector enterprises, which is able to reflect the quality of the reproduction
processes.
Analysis of cash
flow of the real sector of economy involves the study of common basics of its
formation and effects on reproduction system, the identification
of specific financial processes of the production sphere. Moreover, the elucidation
of the basic relationships and dependencies required clarification of key terms
associated with a cash
turnover of the sphere, whose content acquires relatively new features in the
national economic theory and practice.
Formation of cash
income is practically lack of alternative motivation of human activity in a
market economy, the transition to which in our country supposes a sharp
increase in their role. Cash
must be not only a tool for accounting and cost measurement, but also must be
transformed to the resource factor of production development and revelation of
public needs to ensure the uninterrupted cycle of functional capital at all
stages of the reproductive process, and must be transformed to realization
means of real sector stakeholders' economic interests. Developed monetary
relations is an effective regulator, stimulating its current activity
and accelerating investment; is an effective means of social control over
production and distribution of products, which carries out distinctive function
of inverse correcting relations in the economy; also it is is an important
factor for self-regulation of the market. Availability of
cash funds imparts to motion of created product the valuable forms,
contributing to their transformation into a resource content media, and
providing a significant influence on the content and forms of socio-economic
development of society.
The
real sector economy - this main economic complex of stakeholders and producers
of material goods - in order to perform its functions in the development of
society, needs the provision of cash resource economy. Since under the
conditions of commodity production, implementation of GDP and its distribution
can be realized only due to cash flow. Resource opportunities for advance payments
and spendings of company are found only by creation of specially designed for
it cash funds. Taking into
account an insufficient consistency in the existing science finance and money
circulation of the general theoretical development and an abundance of different readings in its fundamental
issues, it seems appropriate to present author's vision of the essence of
monetary relations of the production sphere.
Cash
flow of business is a specific economic category. It is organically linked with
the movement of goods and services, as generated by the objective necessity as
a result of economic laws and separating out the specific organizational
relationships in the economic basis, due to the
fact of reproduction needs existence in advance of productive costs and
benefits and paying debt. The proof of this position is based on an
analysis of the characteristic signs of the movement of gross national product.
Peculiar mechanism
of interaction between production and consumption is a distribution, which is a
function and a stage in public products motion, along with the exchange. In
result, the compensation of advanced values and generation of revenue start to
go. Due to
belongment to certain owners, the movement of last generates relationships of
distribution, also including redistribution
mediated by well known financial and credit relations.
During the
exchange-valuation and payment procedures, which serve a primary allocation of
value, specific monetary value of compensation fund (depreciation and working
capital) and of different types of income (wages, social insurance, income)is
being predetermined, the share of cash flows to their owners ( businesses,
industries, classes, social groups, individuals) is being set, the possibility of forming an
aggregated macroeconomic entity of modal income is being created. It also
should be noted that the actual set aside a certain part of
the money as a trust fund of reproduction is possible on the basis of the
evolution of their payoff function, when money goes beyond the sphere of
commodity circulation by creating a basis for new forms of movement cost.
Cash
paid for liabilities leaves the turnover of the payer and represent their expenses.
Organization of spending money by enterprises leads to the fact that some
portion of their cash drops out beyond the production and treatment process,
being included in the respective spheres of aggregate turnover of country
economy.
To elucidate the
role of cash flows of the real sector in the process of reproduction, it can be classified
into a number of features. Economic
principle of grouping, illustrating the list of receipts and payments of
enterprises, enables to distinguish cash flows as carriers of certain economic
relations in a systematic way to reflect priorities and assess the
effectiveness of cash flow process of production sphere. In this regard, it seems necessary to distinguish
the following types:
• enabling the
movement of material flows and balanced with them by value opposing streams of
cash, securities and other monetary assets (cash flows on exchange
transactions);
• financial flows,
providing an alternative to economic assets movement of stock values and formation,
mobilizing private capital as a result of financial transactions;
• distribution and redistributive cash
flows. However,as in the
economic literature there are different approaches to the
definition of the essence and structure of these economic forms, their
relations with other groups of classification of cash flows', it seems
necessary to further clarify the content of of selected types of streams, to
determine their objects.
The
major component of cash flow of real sector, mediating the movement of
commodity flows are cash flows, accompanying the formation of industrial
current (capital forming) assets of enterprises, which serve as the foundation
of a new reproductive cycle of the cash flow of business.Cash flows, which
provide a link of companies
with commodity markets, are organized in different forms - cash form, which is
in the form of securities or other financial assets accepted as payment for
inventories of assets, while each business transaction is serviced by one cash
flow.
Cash
flows, which provide an alternative to economic assets movement of stock values
represent
the financial flows, but only that part of them, which is mobilized to fill and
expand its own working functional capital of enterprises.Therefore,
in this context, in our opinion, current capital markets and investment-fund
cash flows should be distinguished.
The
formation and use of cash funds of the real sector of the economy to influence
the specific socio-economic situation and its change in the desired direction
can only occur during specific organizational process. That process, reflecting the
specific activities of enterprises, a
certain order of its implementation
indicates that the real cost redistribution of cost through a variety of monetary
forms and methods of its use. It allows us to evaluate the whole spectrum, the full
cash relations organization of the production sphere as a phenomenon of
socio-economic development of society. Going through the logic development of studied by us relations from
specific pragmatic side of manifestations through the synthesis of the
intrinsic properties to macro-economic ways of expressing their essence, the
author came to the necessity of establishing a relationship between the
concepts of cash flow of the production sphere, as a category of systems,
mechanisms and processes.
References
1. Banking. Textbook, Ed. O.I. Lavrushina. - Moscow: Finance
and Statistics, 1998 .- S.333-337
2. V.V. Bocharov. Financial and
credit management practices of the investment market. - Moscow: Finance
and Statistics, 1993 .- S. 11-21.