Nikiforov A.A. Klimontova T.A.
The expert of the center of scientific researches and innovations
OOO «Bormental» Irkutsk
Lifestyle of persons with overweight
Today there are a
lot of intensive methodological changes in psychological science. The special importance is
got by questions of complete understanding of existence of the person in the
world and researches of the person, as subject of a course of life.
The concept «lifestyle» allows
leaving a scale of a problem in narrower subject of analysis and also filling it with individual embodiment. There is a variety
of used terms, such as: «life strategy», «quality of life», «the life
standard».
Generally, the theoretical
uncertainty acts as a serious difficulty at the decision of some applied
problems. The modern situation is characterized by steady growth of persons
with overweight.
We look «lifestyle»
through human activities in a
multidimensional bio-socio-
cultural environment, as
a dynamic category, recognizing that the selected measurements
cannot be reduced to each other, but they are interrelated and integrated into human activities.
Based on the typology offered by E.A. Orlova, we consider lifestyle through the
spheres of human activity (represented on the slide). Analyzing the lifestyle from dynamic positions from our point of
view it is necessary to allocate the
direction characteristics of
lifestyle. Based on G.R.Gabidullina's representations that «lifestyle»
can be considered through «time credit» and also in V.E.Klochko,
E.V.Galazhinsky's positions about values and senses as factors of the order directing
human life, we allocate as a part of our concept time budget, activity, importance.
All three lifestyle characteristics, which were selected, pass through the above-mentioned spheres of life.
The empirical research had been
conducted on the base of the center of scientific researches and innovations
«Bormental» in Irkutsk. The purpose of this research was to allocate features
of lifestyle of persons with overweight. We allocate five groups of subjects: a group with normal body weight, the
group with pre-obese, 1, 2
and 3 degree of obesity, calculated on Ketle’s weights of a body index, identical by sex, educational and social characteristics. On the
basis of comparative analysis,
we attempt to identify
specificity of life of persons with various degrees of obesity and to
determine body mass index at which there is a qualitative changes at lifestyle.
For this purpose we developed the
questionnaire which allows to define time expenses of subjects for the week and the activity in the different spheres
of life. For research of the
importance we used a technique «system of vital senses» of V.Ju.Kotljakov and
the morphological test of vital values of V.F.Sopov, L.V.Karpushina.
As a result of the received data we have reached the following conclusions.
Lifestyle of
the subjects with normal body mass characterized
by high activity in almost all spheres
of life: the formal and informal
communication, education, work on manufacture, sports, social activity, except for work in home.
Time spending for movement, personal hygiene, sleeping, eating and sport are
especially marked. There are minimal time
spending on education, communication, hobbies, and passive recreation. We can see that these
groups of subjects with high activity are able to recover energy
spending, while preferring active.
Lifestyle of pre-obese subjects
is differs an expression activity only in three spheres of
life: housework, education and sports. There is low activity in most
of the considered spheres of life apart
from communication and sports, thus give the high importance of physical activity which
reason can be connected with use of physical exercises as a way to reduce body weight.
Lifestyle of
persons with first degree of obesity is characterized by high activity of communication in
the family, housework, trips to the nature, social activities. Results
show that in the first degree of
obesity s action displaced in sphere associated with
family responsibilities and housework. So considering the
spending time in this group, we see that they
are maximal in the sphere of communication. Investigating formed socio-cultural stereotypes, we
can say that high activity in the
field of communication involves
feasts, food-eating in the companies, trips to the nature, family food
habits that contribute to overeating and obesity.
The second degree of
obesity is characterized by the following features of lifestyle.
Activity in the life focused on communication, parenting, housework, work on
manufacture, trips to the nature and hobbies with little time limit on communication and
physical activity. In this group most expressed is the
importance of personal prestige and preservation of
individuality. The subjects also allocate education
spheres and physical activity. Obviously, that in the second degree of
obesity high importance is defined by small availability of physical activity.
From our point of view, growth of weight of a body and decrease its
appeal is associated with strong orientation to maintenance of personal
prestige and preservations of individuality at the expense of
other resources, particularly high
activity in work on manufacture.
The third degree of
obesity lifestyle is characterized by small time spending for passive rest, communication and hygiene, eating, sleeping, and physical
activity. Time expenses are expressed on movement, hobbies and education.
Considering these data together with the results of researching
of activity in various spheres of
life, we can say that with a small amount
of time spent on communication in given group, activity in
the formal and informal communication, and also in education of children is expressed. We attribute with this fact that narrowing of
a circle of communication increases the activity of social contact, when from small number is taken the maximum for
satisfaction of needs. Lifestyle of
this category of subjects is characterized by orientation to reception of the information from various
sources, education. Thus subjects give on it enough big limit of time. In the life of this group is very important to have a
hobby for which is spent a significant amount of
time and activity of the person. These results shows that education is
used as accessible way to structure time and satisfaction of
requirement for cognition.
Summing up all data we can assume that significant lifestyle changes taking
place in the transition from the
second to the third degree. We believe
that a person gets to certain "vicious circle" in which body
weight limits realization of the person in many spheres of life.
Satisfaction of significant emotional requirements in this
lifestyle, as well as overcoming difficult situations, occurs mainly in the spheres of assistance aimed
at restoring energy consumption (eating, passive recreation, sleeping). On the other
hand, a significant change in body weight is not possible without changing of
lifestyle of this population.
Received information allows
to show laws of a lifestyle in the growth of obesity
and open prospects for working out of the specialized programs
aimed at normalizing body weight through lifestyle
change.
List of authors:
1. Albuhanova - Slavskaya K.A.
Psychology and consciousness of the individual. Moscow: MPSI, Voronezh, NGO
Modek, 1999. - 224s.
2. Anoufriev E.A. Socialist way of
life: Methods and methodological issues / E.A. Anufriev. - M.: Higher School,
1980. - S.183
3. Veliky P.P. rural activities
(social rate) / PP Great / / Sociological Research. - 1996. - ¹ 10. - C.35-39.
4. Voz'mitel A.A. Lifestyles: from
old approaches to new / / Socio-Political Sciences. - 1991. - ¹ 1. - P.85-91
5. Gabidullina G.R. Features of
changing lifestyles of urban and rural youth in the transformation of Russian
society in the specialty. Diss. ... Kan.psihol. Science. - 22.00.04
Ekaterinburg2009.S-18
6. Galazhinsky E.V. The problem of
levels of self-realization of man: the value-semantic context / value grounds
of psychological science and psychology of values / Otv.red. VV
Marks, G. Zalevskiy.-M.: Publishing House of the Institute of Psychology RAS,
2008.-p.123-147.
7. Druzhinin V.N. Psychology of
general abilities. - St.: Publishing House "Piter", 1999. - 368.
8. Zaslavskaya T.I. The social
structure of modern Russian society / T.I. Zaslavskaya / / Social Sciences and
the present. 1997 .- ¹ 2. P5-23
9. Klochko E.V., Galazhinsky E.V. Self-realization:
a systemic view / Edited by G.V. Zalewski. - Tomsk: Tomsk University Publishing
House, 1999. - 154s.
10. Lapin, NI Socio-cultural and
societal approach - functional structure / / Sociological issledovanie.2000. ¹
7 C. 4-5.
11. Nekrasov E.V. Spatial - temporal
organization of human life-world: Dis. ... Dr. psihol.nauk: Barnaul, 2005 .-
344.
12. Orlova, E.A. Socio-cultural
space of everyday life: Toolkit for the course "Cultural
Anthropology". - M.: Gasque, 2002. - 104s.
13. PasadskyA.V., Pasadsky S.V. The
history of Russian philosophy of the XX century. - SPb, 2007 .- S. 24-26.
14. Sokolov A.V. The phenomenon of
socio-cultural activities. SPb.: SPbGUP, 2003.-C11.
15. Sohan L.V. Time for a new world
and people. Global Risks of civilization and the search path. Sociological
Essays. K., 2001 .- p.23.
16. Thick V.I. Lifestyle: Concepts,
reality and problems. MM: Politizdat, 1975. - 184s.
17. Yadov, V.A.Interdisciplinary
approach to the problem of identity and the urban lifestyle / VA poisons. -
Vilnius, 1983.-p.83.