Economics / 2. Investment activity and capital markets
Myrzashov N., Salibekova P.,
master’s students
Al-Farabi Kazakh National
University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Industrial
and innovation challenges of globalization
With globalization, sustainable innovative development
is one of the decisive factors for the country's competitiveness and its
economic, technological, environmental security and sustainable development.
Innovative economic model ensures sustainable prosperity of the country, both
in the present and in the future. In this regard, the government should pay
special attention to the development of the national innovation enterprise.
The global economic crisis has exposed an extremely
vulnerable part of international economic relations with a clear separation
exporters of finished goods and technologies and countries supplying raw
materials and labor. Regular forums G-8 and G-20 tirelessly podverzhdaet
inviolability of existing relationships at the level of the WTO. Leading
integrated economy of the country see a way out of the crisis and the
subsequent progress only in advanced technology, based on the vanguard of
scientific research.
The global economic crisis has exposed an extremely
vulnerable part of international economic relations with a clear separation
exporters of finished goods and technologies and countries supplying raw
materials and labor. Regular forums G-8 and G-20 tirelessly podverzhdaet
inviolability of existing relationships at the level of the WTO. Leading
integrated economy of the country see a way out of the crisis and the
subsequent progress only in advanced technology, based on the vanguard of
scientific research.
Forcing industrial-innovation component of the global
economy is recognized reschayuschim the conditions of the most devastating in
the last 80 years, the economic crisis and the criterion of qualitative
progress of the productive forces beginning of the XXI century. Developed
countries have already joined the global competition through innovation, new
technologies [1].
Industrial and innavatsionnye challenges of globalization
in a highly competitive objectively generate uneven sotsiolno-economic
development of the world community. Kazakhstan's President Nazarbayev at the IV
International Forum Astana economists said: "Today, emerging economies
offering free trade without protection, industrial giants themselves continue
to subsidize and protect many of its industries, including high technology. All
this destroys promyshdennosti in developing countries and preserves their
poverty. "
Kazakhstan, solving the problem of ambiguous stabilize
the economy over the past decade has shown high rates of economic growth and
sustained social issues. The coming of 2011-2015. GDP growth rates are
scheduled at 7%, which is significantly above the average for the CIS countries
and the EU [2]. Nevertheless, the objective conditions of becoming independant
republic evolved in a way that clearly manifest imbalance in economic policy,
not at the level of the starting conditions were industrial-innavatsionnoy
modernization. When many countries are involved in global competition through
innovation, new technologies and the formation of corporate structures - the
vanguard of the fifth technological order, Kazakhstan and Russia were forced to
cope with the effects of deindustrialization. All the more clearly manifested a
significant backlog of social solutions to complex spheres of life in society.
Since 2010, the country's State program for accelerated
industrial and innovative development. The task of transition to a new model of
high-tech modernization of the national economy with a radical restructuring
and upgrading of production facilities on the basis of innovation. It should be
clearly understood that the manufacturing sector of the economy in the country
behind the modern requirements both in the technological level and
productivity. Competition in other countries long ago mastered the technologies
can not guarantee its leading position. Support to be advanced by world
standards enterprise. Or those that by combining the best of East and West
firms will be able to achieve these standards.
As part of the accelerated industrial and innovative
development since 2010 implemented 397 investment projects worth 1,797 bn., And
created more than 44 thousand. Jobs [3].
It is also noted that innovation in the country is not
yet a source of increasing the country's competitiveness in the global market,
and despite the positive experience of a number of initiatives, a significant
breakthrough in the field of innovative development of the country's economy
has not happened. [4]
Others believe that the most important direction of
development of Kazakhstan's economy is innovative activity, based on the
introduction of new ideas, scientific knowledge, technology and products in
various spheres of production and management company, and that Kazakhstan in
this direction has already results. It is noted that in the country to
establish a unified approach to supporting innovation, which is based on three
main principles: realism, evolutionary and complexity. Realism is that through
the existing Kazakh realities adopting international experience innovation.
Evolutionary suggests that the development is consistent, but at an accelerated
pace. Complexity involves coordination of all support measures and includes not
only financial, organizational, service measures, but also the tools that form
the innovative mentality of society. This position is mainly occupied by
representatives of development institutions, government [5].
In general, those and other common is that they appeal to
the existing problems in the innovation and promotion of ways and ways to solve
these problems.
State innovation of domestic enterprises is illustrated
in Table 1.
|
|
2007y. |
2008y. |
2009y. |
2010y. |
2011y. |
2012y. |
2013y. |
2014y. |
|
The number of
respondents, only |
10392 |
10591 |
10889 |
11172 |
10096 |
10937 |
10723 |
21452 |
|
of which: with innovation |
352 |
505 |
526 |
447 |
399 |
467 |
614 |
1215 |
|
the level of activity
in the field of innovations,% |
3,4 |
4,8 |
4,8 |
4,0 |
4,0 |
4,3 |
5,7 |
5,7 |
|
no innovations |
10040 |
10086 |
10363 |
10725 |
9697 |
10470 |
10109 |
20237 |
|
level of passivity in
innovation,% |
96,6 |
95,2 |
95,2 |
96,0 |
96 |
95,7 |
94,3 |
94,3 |
|
The share of innovative
products and services in GDP,% |
1,58 |
1,53 |
1,19 |
0,7 |
0,51 |
0,66 |
0,86 |
1,25 |
|
The share of innovative
products in the total volume of industrial production,% |
2,3 |
2,4 |
2,0 |
1,1 |
0,9 |
1,2 |
1,5 |
2,2 |
|
Number of R & D,
design units |
677 |
724 |
763 |
745 |
688 |
723 |
793 |
1015 |
|
in them: payroll number
of employees, persons |
9542 |
11472 |
9375 |
10781 |
……. |
11191 |
12554 |
11972 |
Note - compiled by the authors according to the
Statistics Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
According to the table except for the years of crisis in
general, the rise of economic entities with innovation, increasing the level of
innovation activity. There is also a growing number of scientific research,
design departments of enterprises and the number of their employees.
It should be noted that Kazakhstan in 2014 for the first
time reached a historical high in the growth of innovation indicators.
Increased compared to the pre-crisis period, the number of innovation-active
predpriyatiy.Vozrosla share of innovative products in the GDP share of
innovative products in the total industrial production. The positive trend is
due to the implementation of successful results SPAIID.
According to the Statistics Agency of the level of
innovation activity of enterprises in the manufacturing industry in 2014 was
12.5% and, therefore, the level of passivity in the field of
innovation (87.5%) was lower than the national average.
Grows and the volume of innovative products. In 2014 it
amounted to 379 005 600 000. Tenge and in comparison with the previous year
increased by 60.6%.
In the structure of innovative products and the largest
share in 2014 occupied the newly introduced or exposed to significant
technological change products - 75.8%, goods to be improved, was 6.6% and other
innovative products - 17.5%.
Analysis of key indicators of innovation Kazakh
enterprises indicates some progress in promoting innovation, but at the same
time shows still low level of innovative activity of domestic business.
In the context of global competition and an open
economy, sovereign development of Kazakhstan only possible with maximum
consideration and rational organization of cash economic and social potential
of the country in view of its strengths and weaknesses in the international
division of labor and the Eurasian community. The historic turning point of
becoming the republic implies a new economic and social system, responsive to
the renewal, restructuring, innovation and human capital formation, adequate
requirements of the fifth and sixth technological structures, and
"building a society of maximum capacity" ("Message from the
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan", 2011) rational income
differentiation, efficiency and quality of public administration.
Literature
1. Economy: Strategy and Practice: "Industrial
innavatsionnye challenges of globalization and the new imperatives
sotsiolizatsii social production in Kazakhstan" // A.Koshanov, 2012 ¹2
(22)
2. The Agency on Statistics of Kazakhstan
http://www.stat.gov.kz
3.Poslanie President of the Republic of Kazakhstan -
Leader of the Nation Nursultan Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan
"Strategy" Kazakhstan-2050 "- a new policy established
state" from 14.12.2012, the
4. E. Suleimenov condition of innovative development
in Kazakhstan // http://elementmag.kz/?p=617
5. Nurmuratova LS Development of innovative processes
in the Republic of Kazakhstan // Al Paris. - 2011. - ¹ 2-3. - P. 8-12.