Cовременные информационные
технологии/
Вычислительная техника и программирование
Kameshova
S.S., master of natural sciences
Rauyl
Olzhas, 1st year student of the specialty "Informatics"
Kostanay state university named
after A. Baytursynov, Kostanay, Kazakhstan.
INNOVATION IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM
OF KAZAKHSTAN
With
the advent of globalization, the education system in most developed countries
are in a state of continuous modernization and reform. In the rate of
innovation in the field of education Kazakhstan is among the best. This process
is continuous and accelerating every year - in the country set ambitious goals
to improve the quality of education.
The
main purpose of the educational reforms in Kazakhstan is the adaptation of the
education system to the new socio-economic environment.
The
main steps in the direction of improving the structure and quality of higher
education have been made in the framework of the State Program of Education
Development 2005-2010 gg. However, social and economic problems (mobility of
students and teachers, unequal conditions of access to quality education for
rural and urban population, the insecurity of modern literature, the lack of
English-speaking professionals) impede the full realization of the State
Program.
In
recent years in the field of Education and Science of the Republic of
Kazakhstan as well have been significant changes: it adopted a new long-term
state program of education development for 2011-2020 g.g., a new revision of
the Law "On Education", approved the new Law "On Science
"which opens up opportunities for the development of national science and
implementation of its results, and more.
In accordance with
the request of the Head of State on the implementation of breakthrough projects
in the social sphere, in the Republic of Kazakhstan created Intellectual
Schools (NIS) of the name of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan in
physics and mathematics, and chemical and biological areas.
For the
organization of educational process in intellectual schools have educational
programs in-depth study of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology;
establish a mechanism and system matching the quality of education with the
best international and national educational programs; developed a system for
the selection of teachers for schools with gifted children and a system of
continuous professional development of teachers; modified principles of
learning and the role of the student in the from passive "recipient"
of knowledge and skills to active participant of the educational process; an
information and communication system of a new type, providing the organization
of educational process, operative communication with parents, the availability
of information to pupils, teachers, parents, administration.
To
organize and conduct the competitive selection of students I-XI classes NIS
developed control gauges student achievement at the elementary school, as well
as language and core subjects. Gauging materials made taking into account the
psychological characteristics of children age-appropriate level.
In
accordance with the requirement of time, every citizen must strive to
possession of the state language, the Russian language - the language of
international communication and English. To implement this idea Development
Strategy multilingual education, the package of normative documents, planned to
prepare teachers for multilingual education system, and develop a model for
training Kazakh and Russian languages, similar to the international system of
teaching English. This will form a unified methodology for language teaching.
As part of the cultural project "Trinity of languages" task is to
enhance the role of the state language as a factor in strengthening the state
of Kazakhstan to maintain a high level of knowledge of the Russian language, as
well as to create conditions for successful mastery of the English language.
It is
now operating specialized schools with three languages, and in the next
academic year, their number will increase to three. In some high schools (or
departments) started work on training in three languages. A successful example
of the practical implementation of the Kazakh model of multilingual education
are Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools and Nazarbayev University, where teaching
is conducted in English. Education in these advanced educational centers opened
for Kazakh youth complementary perspectives intellectual, professional and
career growth.
Control
the quality of educational services in all educational institutions will be
implemented by the State at the national level. According to the results of
monitoring for management decisions will be published annual regional and
national reports on the status and development of the education system.
External evaluation of educational achievements will be conducted by
computer-based testing. The results will provide an opportunity to assess how
well students master educational programs, as well as the quality of
educational services provided by educational institutions of Kazakhstan.
In an
effort to improve the quality of higher education Kazakhstan appealed to the
European standards of higher education. In 1997, he was among the first
countries in the CIS, has implemented the Lisbon Convention of Higher
Education, urging member states to recognize qualifications and degrees of each
other.
Kazakhstan
has already done a lot for entry into the international educational space. It
should be noted the transition to a three-stage system of education (bachelor,
master, doctorate) and the signing of the Bologna Declaration of 11 May 2010.
In 2011, Kazakhstan has developed and implemented a new classification of
universities.
Taking
into account international experience developed new requirements for the six
categories of universities: national research universities, national
universities, research universities, academies and institutes. The new
classification of higher education institutions, as well as the introduction of
management models, such as the rating of universities contribute their own
stimulus to enhance the attractiveness of higher education institutions.
As part
of the Strategic Plan for Higher Education, the government began to implement
long-term public education development program for 2011-2020 g.g. One of the
main objectives of the program - the further development of the three-tier
degree system. Now, both public and private universities are preparing
bachelors and masters. So far only two public universities have been licensed
for training of doctors (PhD). As part of this process, they have signed agreements
with many foreign universities. These agreements have strengthened the quality
of PhD: the opportunity arose, with the assistance of the Ministry of Education
and Science, to send abroad for doctoral work under the supervision of Western
professors. In 2011, to give lectures at 27 universities in Kazakhstan in 1100
invited foreign scientists and teachers.
Ministry
of Education and Science is constantly working on further modernization of
higher education in accordance with the principles of the Bologna Process.
Kazakhstan's accession to the Bologna Declaration involves entering into the
common European educational space, built on a number of binding principles. To
date, 18 universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan signed the Great Charter of
Universities.
Experts
point out both the pros and cons of the reforms.
Pros education
reform in Kazakhstan:
• It is
assumed that because of bachelors will form the bulk of the workers, and of the
masters - the intellectual elite.
•
Training is aimed at undergraduate wide range of professional activities,
masters - on mastering narrowly specialized knowledge and specific features of
professions;
•
Bologna system will make it possible to combine the knowledge:
You can
become a Bachelor of one specialty, and Masters to finish on the other. The
great thing is the appearance of mathematicians, economists, biologists,
chemists, lawyers and economists.
•
Two-stage system of education is the best suited to our times, when knowledge
is the ability to quickly become outdated. The new education system provides
for continuing education, which consists in additional education programs for
graduates.
Cons education
reform:
• Do
not credible new grading system. In many ways it operates correctly, ambiguous
and biased.
•
Sudden changes in the system of high school in Kazakhstan has led to a
deterioration in the level of education;
• Lack
of educational materials in the Kazakh language complicates the problem of the
applicability of the national language in education. Another problem - the lack
of proficiency in English among students and teachers.
The
government is trying to improve these figures, as it increases the
international activity (international conferences, publications in leading
journals and so on.).
Fundamentally
new system of classification of universities established according to the new
state program of education designed for 2011-2020 g.g. V it among other
educational institutions will include national research universities. The idea
of establishing
research universities in Kazakhstan is a logical continuation of the course of
the President on the formation of an innovative economy. Put it into practice
will contribute to the liberation of the country from the export of raw
materials dependence and ensure high dynamics of growth in the manufacturing,
intellectually oriented and knowledge-intensive industries.
The
first example of a research university in Kazakhstan is "Nazarbayev
University". This world-class institution, created on the initiative of
the President for the purpose of integration of education, science and
industry, to create an effective academic environment and conditions for the
occurrence of domestic research institutions in the world scientific space. The
government has decided to transform some of the leading universities in
research universities. This will create the "critical mass" of
teachers with modern training. It will be the main point of support, which will
bring the whole system of secondary education in Kazakhstan to a new level. It
then proposes to transform the system
Training
in the "stationary" mode - conducting mandatory annual two-week
courses for all teachers Kazakhstan experience of Great Britain, Japan and
other developed countries.
REFERENCES
1. The national
report on the status and development of education in the Republic of Kazakhstan
(short version). -Astana, 2011. -75 p.
2. Program for
Educational Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2015.
3. The Development
of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011
2020. -Astana 2008.