Usachov V.A. ,Skorovarova M.K.
Donetsk National University of economics and trade
named after Mikhailo Tugan-Baranovsky
ELECTRONIC MONEY
ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS IN UKRAINE
Modern business quickly changes traditional
forms of calculations and starts mastering the Internet. It causes emergence and development of
electronic means of payment and systems and their variety. Emergence of new means of payment is
the objective process, caused by unsatisfied needs of consumers and increased
requirements to efficiency and reliability of payments. In Ukraine they just begin that is
explained by a poor development of information and computer technologies and
imperfect standard and legal base.
But soon it is necessary to expect fast development in the Ukrainian
market of electronic business and new electronic payment systems which are one
more type of financial services on the Internet. Electronic payment systems are based on a new form of money -so-called
"electronic money".
The purpose of my research is the analysis of a current state of
introduction in economy of Ukraine of electronic money and functioning of
electronic payment systems.
The analysis of the last researches and
practical development in the sphere of functioning of money and payment systems
shows that means of payment, meets the requirements of further development of
information economy today "electronic" money that there is the
highest stage of their evolution [1, 2]. Emergence of electronic money it is
caused by innovations in business and technologies, requirements of information
economy, electronic commerce and fast rates of development of information
technologies.
Electronic money (electronic money, e-money)
is one of the most important economic categories of modern science about money,
banks and the credit. In the mid-nineties they started taking root actively
into the address electronic settlement and payment systems and other commercial
structures which (on-line) function on the global Internet in real time.
The main characteristics of electronic or
digital (virtual) money is [3, page 8] relative safety, i.e. protocols of
information security have to provide confidentiality of transaction; anonymity
which assumes lack of authorization of transactions to exclude opportunity to
track payments of the individual and to intrude in his private life;
portability that allows the user of digital money not to be attached to the
home personal computer. The usual decision is use of an electronic purse;
impersonality of money, impossibility of tracking of payments and introduction
of private currencies, (monetary freedom) carry out so-called "monetary
freedom".
All operations with electronic money are
carried out through sites of so-called electronic payment systems, each of
which has own monetary unit, the rules and standards. How many exists virtual
currencies for today, difficult to tell. For practical needs it is quite enough
to choose for itself one-two payment systems and to be registered in them.
Eventually, always it is possible to exchange currency of one payment system
for currency another, it as is simple as in usual "exchanger" to buy
dollars on hryvnia or on the contrary. The majority of sites in the zone Uanet,
connected to trade systems, accept and send virtual bank notes by means of
WebMoney, iMoney, UkrMoney and e-Gold, which electronic money now the most
extended in ours the state.
By the payment system first on popularity in
Ukraine the Russian WebMoney, it is started in November, 1998. Within this
payment system except accounts in dollars, euro and rubles, calculation in
hryvnias is available. Interests of WebMoney in Ukraine are represented by
"The Ukrainian guarantee agency" that is the guarantor of system on
payments in WMU (in WebMoney "language") [5].
Shortcomings of electronic money of a certain
degree are continuation of their advantages. The main is that issue of
electronic money is guaranteed only by the issuer, the state doesn't give any
guarantees of preservation of their solvency. It leads to that electronic money
isn't recommended to be used for implementation of large payments, and also for
accumulation of the essential sums for a long time. There is electronic money -
first of all payment, instead of accumulative means. Other shortcoming that
electronic money exists only in that system within which they are emitted.
Thus, in Ukraine will extend further uses of
electronic money as, despite certain shortcomings, they have the following
advantages as convenience, the high speed of commission of financial
operations, simplicity of use, anonymity, possibility of transfer to the third
parties. Besides, systems of electronic payments considerably expand
possibilities of the small organizations, whose expenses on operations with cash
are much higher in comparison with digital, including storage and
transportation. Internet use already now allows sellers to provide itself an
entry into the markets with lower costs of marketing and advertizing.
It is necessary to point also to development
of a standard field concerning the address of electronic money in Ukraine [6].
The economy, provides transition to electronic money, is attractive and for
bank sectors as cost of any electronic transactions is several times lower than
the usual.
Literature:
1 . Ilnitsky N.Analiz of the world market of
electronic money/N Ilnitsky / / Messenger of NBU. - No. 4. - 2010 . - Page
31-36.
2 . Guzeev V. Electronic money in an Ukraine
/ Century Guzeev, N. M. Voytyushenko / / Donetsk national university of economy
and trade of M. Tugan-Baranovsky. [Electronic resource]. - It is available with
http://www.rusnauka.com/4_SWMN_2010/Informatica/58377.doc.htm.
3. Neskhodovsky And. Electronic money /
I.Neskhodovsky / / Accounting and audit of sciences. magazine. - 2009 . - No.
4. - Page 49-53.
4 . Official website of the WebMoney
electronic payment system. [Electronic resource]. - It is available with
http://www.trust.webmoney.ru/.6. Provisions NBU "About Electronic Money in
Ukraine" of December 24, 2010, No. 1336/18631. [Electronic resource]. - It
is available with http://www.zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0688-08.