§Á§Ù§í§Ü, §â§Ö§é§î, §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ
§¡§ã§á§Ú§â§Ñ§ß§ä §±§ñ§à
§®§ï§Û§ê§Ñ§ß§î (§¬§¯§²)
§¤§°§µ §£§±§° « §ª§â§Ü§å§ä§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ý§Ú§ß§Ô§Ó§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û
§å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä»
§³§Ý§à§Ó§à «§Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ» –
§à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §Ú§ß§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§Ý§à§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à §å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ
§Ó §â§å§ã§ã§Ü§à§Þ §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ö. §°§ß§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §à§ä §Ý§Ñ§ä§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ communico, §é§ä§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä «§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ð
§à§Ò§ë§Ú§Þ, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð, §à§Ò§ë§Ñ§ð§ã§î», §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ü §ß§Ö§Þ§å §á§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ
§â§å§ã§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§Ý§à§Ó§à «§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö».
§°§Ò§ë§Ö§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à, §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§í§Ö, §á§ä§Ú§è§í,
§Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§í§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §Ò§à§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ù§Ó§å§Ü§à§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ü§Ú§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú (§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú)
§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §à§Ò§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §å§é§Ö§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä
«§Ò§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§ã§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§Þ §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §ß§Ñ §Ñ§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ü
§ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ö §Ú §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§Ö§Þ§í§Þ, §Ó §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ã§Ú§Ô§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û».
§³§á§Ö§è§Ú§æ§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ó
§á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §Ú§ç §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ó §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û, §Ò§å§Õ§å§é§Ú §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§Þ
§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó§í§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§Ö§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§â§å§Õ§Ú§Ö §á§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü
§Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §ï§ä§à§Þ§å §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ
§Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§Þ §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ
§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î.
§¹§ä§à §Ø§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §ñ§Ù§í§Ü – §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ? §°§ä§Ó§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§à§ä §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã §Þ§í §ß§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ö§Þ,
§Ó§í§ñ§ã§ß§Ú§Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú «§ñ§Ù§í§Ü» §Ú «§â§Ö§é§î». §¯§Ñ§á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§Þ, §é§ä§à §ï§ä§Ú §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ
§â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§ç (§Ñ§ß§Ô§Ý. language/speech; §ß§Ö§Þ. Sprache/Rede; §æ§â§Ñ§ß§è.langage/parole).
§µ§á§â§à§ë§Ö§ß§ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ñ§Ù§í§Ü – §ï§ä§à §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó, §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è§í
§Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §Ú §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§å§ð§ä §Ú§Ö§â§Ñ§â§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §å§á§à§â§ñ§Õ§à§é§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§å. §£
§ï§ä§à§Þ §ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ§ä §à §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ö §â§å§ã§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à, §Ñ§ß§Ô§Ý§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ô§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ô§à §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ.
§Á§Ù§í§Ü – §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §ä§Ó§à§â§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§Ñ, §à§ß §Ó§à§á§Ý§à§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö
§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §Á§Ù§í§Ü – §ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§è §Ó§à §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §ã§ä§â§à§Ô§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ñ§ç.
§Á§Ù§í§Ü §Ò§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§×§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ð§ä §å§â§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ä§à §à§ß§Ú
§Ó§ã§Ü§à§â§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ö§é§Ö§ß§í §ß§Ñ §Ú§ã§é§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§í§Ö §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Þ.
§³§å§ä§î §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó §ä§à§Þ,
§é§ä§à §à§ß §à§ä§ã§Ö§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§ã§× §é§å§Ø§Õ§à§Ö §Ö§Þ§å. §°§ß §Ö§ë§× §Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä, «§å§ã§í§ß§à§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä» §Ó§ã§× §è§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö,
§é§ä§à §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §â§Ö§é§Ú. §£. §¤§å§Þ§Ò§à§Ý§î§Õ§ä §á§Ú§ã§Ñ§Ý; «¡§Ó §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ñ§Ù§í§Ü
§Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö, §Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§å,
§á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §à§á§í§ä§à§Þ §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§à, §é§ä§à §Ö§Ô§à §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§ß§í §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ». §Á§Ù§í§Ü
§Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ö§ã§ä§î §Õ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ, §à§ß §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §ã§å§Þ§Þ§å
§Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó.
§³§Ü§à§â§Ö§Ö, §â§Ö§é§î §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä
§â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ §Ó §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç §ä§à§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§à§Û
§á§à§Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §¯§à §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §â§Ö§é§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ
§ä§à§Ø§Ö §Ò§Ö§ã§ã§á§à§â§ß§í§Û §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä.
§£ §Ý§Ú§ß§Ô§Ó§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§à
§â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ «§ñ§Ù§í§Ü» §Ú «§â§Ö§é§î». §£.§¤§å§Þ§Ò§à§Ý§î§Õ§ä §á§Ú§ã§Ñ§Ý: «§Á§Ù§í§Ü §Ü§Ñ§Ü
§Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§é§î§ð §ß§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú §ä§à §Ø§Ö, §é§ä§à §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§ñ §â§Ö§é§î §Ó §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ç
§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§Ñ». §²§Ñ§Ù§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Û «§ñ§Ù§í§Ü» §Ú «§â§Ö§é§î» §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ó§í§Õ§Ó§Ú§ß§å§ä§à §ä§Ö§à§â§Ú§Ö§Û
§¶§Ö§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ö §³§à§ã§ã§ð§â§Ñ §Ó «§¬§å§â§ã§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Û §Ý§Ú§ß§Ô§Ó§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú». §ª§Ù§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó§à§Û
§Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§á§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ó§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú:
1.
§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§å§ð,
§á§â§Ö§Õ§Þ§Ö§ä §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §ñ§Ù§í§Ü,
§ä.§Ö. §ß§Ö§é§ä§à §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §á§à §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å §Ú §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§Ö §à§ä §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ. §¿§ä§à §ß§Ñ§å§Ü§Ñ §é§Ú§ã§ä§à
§á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ.
2.
§Ó§ä§à§â§à§ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð,
§á§â§Ö§Õ§Þ§Ö§ä §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§Ñ §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ä.§Ö. §â§Ö§é§î, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ
§æ§à§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§ð..§à§ß§Ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§ß§Ñ.
§³§à§à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä 3 §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ: §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ñ
§Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §ñ§Ù§í§Ü §Ú §â§Ö§é§î. §²§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä
§ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Û. §±§à§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö §ã§à§Ó§á§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§à§Û
§Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §Á§Ù§í§Ü – §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§×§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ñ§ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§à§Û
§Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §²§Ö§é§î §Ø§Ö §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Ñ§Ü§ä §Ó§à§Ý§Ú §Ú §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.
§´§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß «§â§Ö§é§î» §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Õ§Ó§å§ç
§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç. §£§à-§á§Ö§â§Ó§í§ç, §â§Ö§é§î§ð §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ú§Õ§à§Ó §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û
§Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ: §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú. §£ §ï§ä§à§Þ
§ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö §â§Ö§é§î – §ï§ä§à §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ó §Ù§Ó§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Û, §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ó
§á§Ú§ã§î§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §æ§à§â§Þ§Ö. §£§à-§Ó§ä§à§â§í§ç, §â§Ö§é§î§ð §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú – §ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä
(§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§ñ, §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §ä. §Õ.).
§´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ, §Ó §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ö «§ñ§Ù§í§Ü»
§á§â§Ö§à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ «§ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ, §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ñ», §Ñ §Ó §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ö «§â§Ö§é§î» – «§Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î».
§±§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§ß§à, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ «§Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ» §å§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î
§ä§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß «§â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ñ». §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §ß§Ñ§Õ§à §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö «§ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ»
§ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã§Ú§ß§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ. §£§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö, §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î,
§é§ä§à §à§é§Ö§ß§î §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ó §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§à§Û §Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ö, §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ «§ñ§Ù§í§Ü» §Ú «§â§Ö§é§î» §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ
§Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§Ú§ß§à§ß§Ú§Þ§í, §ä. §Ö. §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§í, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §à§Ô§à§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§ã§à§Ò§à.
§¤§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §è§Ö§Ý§î §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§à§Û §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú – §à§Ò§Þ§Ö§ß §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§Ô§à §â§à§Õ§Ñ.
§°§é§Ö§Ó§Ú§Õ§ß§à, §é§ä§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §à§Ò§Þ§Ö§ß §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à
§ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ. §³ §Õ§â§Ö§Ó§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß §Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î
§Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç
§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §Õ§à §ã§Ú§ç §á§à§â.
§¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §å §Ü§à§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ú
§Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ñ§Ù§í§Ü §ã§Ó§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ, §ã§Ú§Ô§ß§Ñ§Ý§í §Ò§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ß§à§Ó, §Ü§à§Ý§à§Ü§à§Ý§î§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó, §Ô§à§ß§Ô§Ñ §Ú §ä. §á.
«§Á§Ù§í§Ü §è§Ó§Ö§ä§à§Ó», §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §ß§Ñ §£§à§ã§ä§à§Ü§Ö, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú
§Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §Ó §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§ç §ß§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú
(§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §â§à§Ù§Ñ – §ã§Ú§Þ§Ó§à§Ý §Ý§ð§Ò§Ó§Ú, §Ñ§ã§ä§â§Ñ – §á§Ö§é§Ñ§Ý§Ú, §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ò§å§Õ§Ü§Ñ – §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú §Ú
§ä. §Õ.). §¥§à§â§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§Ú, §ã§Ú§Ô§ß§Ñ§Ý§í §ã§Ó§Ö§ä§à§æ§à§â§Ñ, §ã§Ú§Ô§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §æ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú
§ä. §á. – §Ó§ã§Ö §ï§ä§à §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§à§Ö
§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ – §ñ§Ù§í§Ü.
§±§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §è§Ö§Ý§î
§â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ – §ï§ä§à §à§Ò§Þ§Ö§ß §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û, §ä. §Ö. §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ §Ú §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö
§ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ñ §Ó§í§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§í§ä§î §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§í§Þ. §¥§Ý§ñ
§ï§ä§à§Ô§à §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §å§é§Ú§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§í, §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö
§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §³ §å§é§Ö§ä§à§Þ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Ó §Ó§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §æ§à§â§Þ§í §Ú
§ä§Ú§á§í §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§à§Û §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú.
§²§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§ð§ä §å§ã§ä§ß§å§ð §Ú §á§Ú§ã§î§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð
§æ§à§â§Þ§í §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§à§Û §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §¥§Ý§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Û §æ§à§â§Þ§í §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ß §â§ñ§Õ §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó,
§ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ä§Ú§á§í §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§à§Û §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú.
§¬ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö:
1) §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (§á§â§ñ§Þ§à§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú
§ß§Ö§á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §à§á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö);
2) §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó (§Þ§à§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô (§â§Ö§é§î §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ), §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô, §á§à§Ý§Ú§Ý§à§Ô);
3) §è§Ö§Ý§î §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (§Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §à§Ò§ì§ñ§ã§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú
§ä. §á.);
4) §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú (§Õ§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§à§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§Õ§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ, §Ý§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§ñ, §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §Ú
§ä. §á.), §Ò§í§ä§à§Ó§à§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§í §ã §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú §Ú §ä. §Õ.).
§§ð§Ò§Ñ§ñ §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ
§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §à§ä§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ü §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §ä§Ú§á§å. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Ù§Ó§à§ß§Ú§ä
§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ð, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§â§Ú§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à §Ó §Ô§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü
§å§ã§ä§ß§å§ð §æ§à§â§Þ§å, §ß§Ö§á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô §ã §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð §å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ò§í§ä§à§Ó§å§ð
§Ò§Ö§ã§Ö§Õ§å.
§¥§Ý§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§á§Ñ
§Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó§í§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ (§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ, §Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö
§Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §ä. §Õ.), §ä§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ§Ú §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö
§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§í§Þ §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å§ã§á§Ö§ç§Ñ §Ó §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§à§Û
§Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú.
§£ §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ò§í §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç
§ß§Ú §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ò§í §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó §ß§Ú
§á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ò§í §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §ß§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ú §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö §Ó §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §Ó
§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§ç§Ö§Þ§Ñ, §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§î.
§¤§Õ§Ö, §à§ä§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú (§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§Ñ§ß§ä), §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú (§Ú§Ý§Ú
§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã§Ñ§ä), §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§ä§Ö§Ü§ã§ä
§Ó §å§ã§ä§ß§à§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§Ú§ã§î§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §æ§à§â§Þ§Ö) - §Ü§à§Þ§á§à§ß§Ö§ß§ä§í §ï§ä§à§Û §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú.
§ª§ä§Ñ§Ü,
§ñ§Ù§í§Ü §Ú §â§Ö§é§î – §ï§ä§à §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§Ö §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à. §±§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§î§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §á§Ö§ã§à§é§ß§í§Ö
§é§Ñ§ã§í, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§Õ§ß§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§ä§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ö. §Á§Ù§í§Ü §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§à§Û
§Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §à§Õ§ß§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ, §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö
§à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú; «§ñ§Ù§í§Ü §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §â§Ö§é§Ú §Ú §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à §Ó §ß§Ö§Û
§Ó§à§ã§á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ» (§¨§Ú§ß§Ü§Ú§ß 1982, §ã. 32). §Á§Ù§í§Ü – §ß§Ö §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö, §ß§à §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ö
§ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Û §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ –
§Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ. §¯§à §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §â§Ö§é§î §ñ§Ù§í§Ü §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§å§Ö§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö
§ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §¡ §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í, §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §ñ§Ù§í§Ü §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î
§Ü§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Þ, §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ô§à, §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§Ú,
§à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ä§î §á§â§à§é§Ú§Ö §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§Ö §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Ú. §£§à§ä §Ú §á§Ö§ã§à§é§ß§í§Ö
§é§Ñ§ã§í, §Ó§ã§Ö §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à.
§¯§Ö§ä §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ – §ß§Ö§ä §â§Ö§é§Ú. §¯§Ö§ä §â§Ö§é§Ú – §ß§Ö§ä §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ, §ß§Ö§ä §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú.
§§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ
1. §¡§ß§Õ§â§Ö§Ö§Ó §¯. §¥., §©§Ú§ß§Õ§Ö§â §. §²., §° §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ§ç
§â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ñ, §â§Ö§é§Ú, §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§à§Û §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ, «§£§à§á§â§à§ã§í §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ», 1963,
¡í 3.
2. §¢§Ö§Ý§ñ§ß§Ú§ß §£.§±. §±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§Ú§ß§Ô§Ó§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ. §®.: §¶§Ý§Ú§ß§ä§Ñ, 2007.
§³. 18-21.
3. §£§í§Ô§à§ä§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §. §³., §®§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §â§Ö§é§î, §®.—§., 1934.
4. §¤§Ñ§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§â §¡., §²§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å «§â§Ö§é§î§ð» §Ó «§ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Þ», §Ó §Ü§ß.:
§©§Ó§Ö§Ô§Ú§ß§è§Ö§Ó §£. §¡., §ª§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ XIX—XX §Ó§Ó. §Ó §à§é§Ö§â§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ú
§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç, §é. 2, §®., 1965.
5. §¨§Ú§ß§Ü§Ú§ß §¯. §ª., §®§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§í §â§Ö§é§Ú, §®., 1958.
6. §¬§à§ã§Ö§â§Ú§å §¿., §³§Ú§ß§ç§â§à§ß§Ú§ñ, §Õ§Ú§Ñ§ç§â§à§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ, §Ó §Ü§ß.: §¯§à§Ó§à§Ö
§Ó §Ý§Ú§ß§Ô§Ó§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö, §Ó. 3, §®., 1963.
7. §§Ö§à§ß§ä§î§Ö§Ó §¡. §¡., §Á§Ù§í§Ü, §â§Ö§é§î, §â§Ö§é§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î,
§®., 1969.
8. §®§í§â§Ü§Ú§ß §£. §Á., §¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §â§Ö§é§Ú §Ó
§Ü§à§â§â§Ö§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§Ú: §ñ§Ù§í§Ü — §â§Ö§é§î, «§£§à§á§â§à§ã§í §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ», 1970, ¡í 1.
9. §²§Ö§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ä§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §¡.§¡. §£§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §®.:
§¡§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä §±§â§Ö§ã§ã., 1996. §³.38-44.