ÓÄÊ 662.271.575.15 (045)
Abdurahimov X.A-dotsent
Kholkhujaev B-student
TIIM
Physical and chemical properties of soil,
destruction by explosion energy and the development of basic principles of remediation on
their recovery
Physico-chemical properties of soil and contaminated land is not charged by the energy of the
explosion, the main principles of remediation to restore
the destroyed on of
soils.
Building collapses reclamation, particularly
earthworks, ponds, dams, embankments channels, collectors and others, performed
by two fundamentally different methods-diggers and using the energy of the
explosion. These methods have been around for decades, but the comparitional
damage assessment of the environment and to restore damaged ecosystems was
performed. With fine views of nature protection measures both methods have
positive and negative effects.
When used earthmoving
machinery construction project is saturated by heavy machinery and a lot of
manpower. Long terms earthen buildings severely contaminate the surrounding
area with oil products, litter it unusable parts, accessories and waste.
Violated the composition, structure of the soil, the top layer of contaminated
ponds and woodlands. The explosive way, depending on the volume of earthworks
2-8 times faster construction than using machinery. The share of used machinery
and labor are significantly reduced. During explosive method, there are side
effects on virtually all components of the ecosystem effects of an explosion
are particularly vulnerable to soil components.
Issues
related to the loss of soil fertility, have hardly been studied, due to the
disposal of its fertile upper horizon of the action of the explosion energy,
and this type of pollution is distributed over long distances.
Known effect of an explosion on an area of 1.5x1.5 on the chemical composition
of the soil, which is an increase of oxides of nitrogen in the soil at
0.02-0.03 mEq, but without changing the pH = 7.2, and the effect of residual products
of the explosion on the environment.
We developed the basic principles of remediation
work on the restoration of damaged soil under the effect of the explosion
energy on the basis of chemical analysis. The chemical composition of the soil
is necessary for a proper understanding of the quantitative distribution of
chemical cations and anions, which come into contact other chemicals. In light
of the above areas surveyed construction of irrigation canals and reservoirs of
Bukhara and Navoi region and the Republic of Karakalpakstan. In this field used
standard experimental techniques with the sampling of the soil and subsoil. In
view of further remediation developed a special scheme of samples of soils and
soils. Theessence of this scheme are as follows:
1. Samples
from different channel elements.
2. At different distances from brust vern to the border of the channel of
distribution of separate clumps of soil and gruhntum mass.
3. Soil sampling on the arable sector.
Inspection of the area where the explosion was carried out showed that in the
1.5 km x 1.0 km soil-ground surface is covered with a layer of dust, which can
thicken with the approach to Nabal breed.
Inspection of the area where the
explosion was carried out showed that in the1.5km x1.0kmsoil-groundsurface is
covered with a layer of dust, which can thicken with
the approach to Nabal breed.Samples were selected from the study area before
and after the explosion,
made the chemical analysis
of the soil(Table)
A comparative analysis of the results tables set
increase of oxidized nitro gen in the soil, almost 0.02-0.03mEqsoil. However,
the pH value of 7.2has changed. Probably, there was an instantaneous
interaction of nitrogen oxides with the minerals of the so, therefore apparent
equivalence pH before and after an explosion. In
the samples of soil taken from the surface of Nabal, Zaphod-sated increase of
nitric oxide, which increases with decreasing fraction of 0.02 to 35.25 mg /
kg. It should be noted the very low humus content of the soil mass after the
explosion - 0.09-1.32%, whereas for the comparison of the arable horizon it
reached 2.8%. Because of the specific features of the location of these soils
in their natural ¬ Venn addition of high humus content is at an average depth
of 15 cm, as the top layer is frequently updated by the insertion of fresh
sand. Soils with a depth of 30-40 cm
beans differ same degree of salinity, which is usually clearly seen in
the first half.
Salts
of calcium sulphates predominate compared with11 nitrates, carbonates
and chlorides.
When comparing the
nitrate content(Table I)is easily seen to increase them after the explosion
.Analysis of the aqueous extracts of the soil allows us to consider them
neutral or slightly alkaline environment. Gray-brown soils are extremely low capacity of absorption of water (1.83-9.40%), due to low content of humustion. 80-90% of
the cations are Ca2 + ions,
10 -20%-Mg2 +. Particular
attention should be paid to the anionic composition of the soil and rocks
ground, Is observed SO42-concentration to
33.95meq/100g soil,
Cl-,
to115.82mg-
ekv/100g,which in turn harms the development of remediation, in such cases for the removal of the
soil before plant in necessary decontaminate on of the area.
Results
of analyzes and discussion of physical and chemical properties of soils formed
the basis for the formulation of the basic principles ¬ types of remediation
measures for the restoration of damaged soil structure under the influence of
the energy of the explosion. The essence of these principles ¬ types are as
follows:
1. Accounting for soil and genetic characteristics of
disturbed soil and thrown to the surface by the action of the explosion energy
ground rocks and soils. In this case, optionally ¬ necessary to install a
complex of factors operating at the initial stages of soil formation, to
identify the main determining the differentiation of the profile at different
stages, to track their progress.
2. Use of landscape-geochemical characteristics of the
area to assess the migration of salts and soil-ground layer on the reclaimed
areas;
3. Consideration of regional differences. One of the key
indicators, taking into account the necessary remediation work, - the salt
content in soils is ejected to the surface during blasting operations.
Work should be carried out in stages. The
first stage - reclamation and preparation aimed at improving the physical and
biological properties, nutrient status and stratification of rocks. At this
stage, a lot of attention paid to the selection of cultures that best meets the
soil conditions. The main forms of life, grow well in the soil studied rocks
are perennial long vegetating plants.
The second phase - the development of soil reclamation plants
by plants resistant against deep salinity and excess nitrate salts on the soil
surface. At this stage of work should pay attention to agromeliorative study aimed recovered but trees and shrubs
of groves.
Thus, we studied the physicochemical
properties of uncontaminated soil and contaminated land under the influence of
the explosion energy, the main principles of remediation for the restoration of
damaged soils.
USED LITERATURE
1. Áåéìèíñîí Ì. Å.,
Êîð÷åâñêèé Â. Ô., Ìóðàòîâà
Ì. Õ. Õóñàíõîäæàåâ Ì.Ã., Òàäæèáàåâ Ñ.Ì. Ãèäðîòåõíè÷åñêîå ñòðîèòåëüñòâî. 1991. ¹ 3. Ñ. 21-23.
2. Þ.Ä.ÍÎÐÎÂ, Õ.À.ÀÁÄÓÐÀÕÈÌÎÂ, Â.Ð. ÐÀÈÌÆÎÍÎÂ, À.Ñ.ÒÓÐÀÅÂ. Óçáåêñêèé õèìè÷åñêèé æóðíàë. 2002. ¹ 3. Ñ. 42-46.
