A.G.Zhumina, c.b.s. A.Sh.Dodonova
Karaganda State
University
THE
CREATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES
BY
"PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY" DISCIPLINE
Pharmaceutical
cluster is developing in the region in recent years. It generates demand for
specialists in the development of innovative pharmaceuticals, preclinical and
clinical test of new pharmaceuticals, in the production of therapeutic and
diagnostic products. The Karaganda State University is training such
specialists in teaching bachelors on specialties 5B074800 – Technology of
pharmaceutical production and 5B070100 - Biotechnology.
Currently, employers
have high requirements for the competence of specialists employed, especially
in the professional field as a pharmaceutical biotechnology, which is at the
crossroads of many sciences and therefore requires a lot of knowledge and
skills in different industries. Well-designed learning outcomes in education
component allow solving the problem, typical for all institutions of
post-Soviet space where students can acquire good set of theoretical knowledge,
but have great difficulty in activities requiring the use of this knowledge to
solve specific problems or problematic life situations.
Requirements
for specialists can be divided into several groups: Qualifying profile - matching the
direction of education profession;
necessary knowledge and skills - a set of competencies that meets positions normative
legal acts, the requirements of a
particular firm or organization; psychologically
professionally important qualities -
individual qualities subject of activity
affecting the effectiveness of
professional duties. [1]
For the formation of
outcomes in the discipline "Pharmaceutical Biotechnology" the
ultimate goal of each session of the course we must be seen clearly, the way in
which knowledge and skills gained from this lesson will be applied in future
professional activity must be known. To train biotechnologists who will work in
the pharmaceutical industry, some of the most relevant topics for today have been
chosen. Among them, are the productions of antibiotics, normoflora drugs,
production of vaccines, drugs of plant origin, monoclonal antibodies,
recombinant DNA technology, modern diagnostic methods, etc.
After studying the topic "Production
of antibiotics" students will be
able to: choose reasonably
and practically apply the methods of isolating microorganisms from
different environments and screening of biologically active substances
on the basis of macro-and micromorphological characteristics of the main
groups of microorganisms and their storage conditions (for example, producers of antibiotics), to practice methods of determining the antibiotic concentration
and sensitivity [2].
For these outcomes formation after
explaining the theoretical material on the methods of identification of
microorganisms-producing bioactive substances, processes of microorganisms
development with growth of solid medium and deep cultivation , optimize the
parameters of the biosynthesis of BAS carried out
laboratory work "The definition of active antibiotic substances of some
microorganisms", during which students learn how to conduct screening of
microorganisms and to determine the activity of antibiotics by growth inhibition
zone of different strains.
The lesson by "Normoflora
drugs" theme promotes the formation of outcomes such as the ability to make
nutritious medium for accounting lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, the ability
to identify these microorganisms; skills to determine the concentration of
viable cells; skills to identify active and titratable acidity.
The methods of microbiological
and biochemical control of the cultivation process of lactic acid bacteria used
to produce probiotics, methods to preserve their viability and activity, main
methods of quality control of probiotics and symbiotic are considered on topic
"Normoflora drugs". Within this theme there is a lab to determine the
conservation of viable cells in probiotics.
Theme "Drugs of
plant origin" devoted to the study the methodology bases of growing plants
isolated tissue and cell cultures for obtaining a wide range of biologically
active substances, as well as ways to improve the synthetic activity of the
culture due to changes in the conditions of cultivation. The basic methods of
plant cell culture analysis: definition of biomass moisture content of tissue
culture and total ash, determination of the amount of extractives are presented
on this topic. Laboratory work "Obtaining callus cells of medicinal plants
and assessing the content of biologically active substances in it" is done
during the lesson. Mastering of this topic will
lead to the formation of the following outcomes - the ability to work in a
sterile environment, the ability to prepare and optimize the composition of the
nutrient media, skills of work with plants cells and tissues culture, basic
knowledge of the physic-chemical methods for the isolation of biologically
active substances.
"Recombinant
DNA technology" topic is devoted to
acquaintance with the modern genetic engineering methods of creation a highly efficient
strains-producers of drugs, restriction-ligation technique, the methods of constructing hybrid DNA molecules in vitro, the types of vectors and methods of introducing DNA into
a host cell, the molecular cloning of double-stranded cDNA. Proposed after theoretical
material studying lab is "Isolation and analysis of plasmid DNA"
allows to create the following professional competence: ability to extract DNA
from biological material, skills for conducting electrophoresis in agarose gel, electrophoresis results
analyzing.
The possibility
of using the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of infectious diseases,
genetic diseases and cancer , as well as in personalized medicine to determine
human individual sensitivity to pharmaceuticals, methods of selecting the
optimal dose of the drug for each patient are considered in the topic
"Modern diagnostic methods". This theme contributes to the formation
of such outcomes as the ability to carry
out the DNA amplification reaction in real time, the ability to optimize the
conditions for amplification and analyze polymerase chain reaction products.
Thus, students get
the skills of the laboratory experiment, the ability to work in a sterile
environment, skills of work with plasmid and chromosomal DNA, recombinant
strains, the ability to conduct quality control of drugs obtained by
biotechnological methods by means of "Pharmaceutical Biotechnology"
discipline studying. The world practice of laboratory and practical lesson
carrying out on base of specific companies or research centers contribute to
the greater immersion in a professional environment, formation of outcomes and
better motivation of the students.
Sources
1. Солонинина А.В., Крупнова
И.В., Порсева Н.Ю. О профильных компетенциях специалистов фармацевтического
профиля: регламентация квалификационных требований // Вестник Росздравнадзора.-
2011, №2. С.39-43.