Экология/2.Экологические и метеорологические проблемы больших городов и промышленных зон

Nychyk M.O.

Kyiv national university of trade and economics,Ukraine

Rudyk B.V., Nychyk O.V.

National University of Food Technologies,Ukraine

Technology development of local sewage treatment from hotel-restaurant complex facilities

The development of hotel and restaurant complex in Ukraine, even in spite of the unfavorable political and economic crisis does not stop its growth. Much of the population of Ukraine considers internal tourism as an opportunity to relax for a reasonable price. Competition in the market this type of service creates conditions where owners of the hotel or restaurant forced to seek ways that will highlight and make consumers pay more attention to their own object. Some attract you by tasty or original kitchen, other by interior or service. Today, the development of nature friendly «eco-friendly» institutions, whose activities have minimal impact on the environment, using only organic products, safe cleaners, natural materials popularized. Additionally, the trend of «eco» increases the rating of the hotel or restaurant.

But at the same time «eco-friendly» hotel or restaurant, always will be created sewage contained a significant amount of organic and inorganic impurities. Objects placed in urban areas, often dropping formed water in sewers, but they are not always with the following standards or requirements of environmental legislation. But the high cost of utilities creates need for development energy efficiency and reduce water consumption.

Objects placed at a distance from residential buildings and have no access to centralized sewer networks have at worst dump water without purification in the next surface water, that leads to the degradation and destruction of ecosystems biota.

It is known that in quantitative use of water hotels have leading position in the structure of water and wastewater town with communal occupy. Thus, in metropolitan areas, which include Kyiv, housing and utilities are the most important consumers of water and waste water discharges as a result of their operation constitute the highest percentage among the other sectors of economic activity. Generally, the structure of water and wastewater in the share of Ukraine Housing is about 30% of wastewaters[1, 2]. Investigated indicators [3] of the main pollutants in wastewater discharged to the collectors of restaurant and household use as the example of one of the objects of Kyiv do not exceed the corresponding MAC as required by the city administration, as evidenced by the results listed in Table 1.

Table 1 - Chemical composition of sewage of hotel and restaurant complex [3]

№	Index of sewage, mg / dm^3	MAC, mg/dm^3	Value of the indicator
1	Eventual	1000,0	637,00
2	Suspended substances	300,0	158,50
3	COD, mgО2 /dm^3	500,0	258,00
4	The ammonium’s nitrogen	20,0	11,40
5	Sulfates	380,0	52,40
6	Chlorides	240,0	60,10
7	Phosphates	8,0	5,30
8	Ferum	2,0	1,12
9	ASAS	20,0	5,42
10	Lipids	50,0	27,00
11	рН	6,5-9,0	7,72

Analysis of chemical composition of wastewater from hotel and restaurant complexes shows that in their composition are toxic to aquatic organisms anionic surface-active substances (ASAS) added to synthetic detergents to remove fat, soluble forms of nitrogen and phosphorus and organic substances. The products of hydrolysis of polyphosphates is monophosphate that accumulate in waste water and are harmful to aquatic ecosystems because it results in eutrophication of water bodies. The increase in the content of biogenic elements nitrogen and phosphorus leads to a development of microscopic algae and other microorganisms, and bacteria that decompose dead organic matter. In this case consumes a large amount of oxygen in the water and stand out toxic breakdown products, worsening the conditions of existence of aquatic organisms.

The solution of this problem is to establish local stations purification presented in recent years as Ukrainian and foreign manufacturers in recent years. As usual the first step is to clean grease and suspended solids.

1. body of grease separator

2. income nozzle

3, 4. partition system

5. outcome nozzle.

Purification is due to the suspended particles are settle and lipid emulsion expire due to the difference of the specific density. The next step is sorption and biological degradation of organic contaminants. This process can be carried out in facilities of different types. In most cases, biological treatment is due to the addition of microbial agents. It is important to control the process. Purified water may be dropped in surface waters at rates.

Literature:

1. Запольський А.К. Водопостачання, водовідведення та якість води: підручник / А.К. Запольський. – К.: Вища шк., 2005. – 671 с.

2. Кравченко В.С. Водопостачання та каналізація: підручник /В.С. Кравченко. – К.: Кондор, 2003. – 288 с.

3. Шевцова Л.В., Береза-Кіндзерська Л.В. Стічні води підприємств готельно-ресторанного комплексу як потенційна загроза біорізноманіттю водних екосистем/ Вісник Дніпропетровського державного аграрно-економічного університету, № 1 (33), 2014, 102-105.