Alibekova V.
N.,
Musabaeva Z.K. senior
lector, master of economics
Taraz State University of M. H. Dulati, Taraz
city, Republic of Kazakhstan
ALGORITHM OF FORMATION OF
THE CLUSTER IN REGION ECONOMY
Abstract
The possibilities of forming of agro industrial cluster in Republic of
Kazakhstan are considered in this article. The forming algorithm of the cluster
in this region is suggested. The model of the agro industrial cluster in
Republic is worked out for the purpose.
Keywords: regional economy, agro industrial cluster, cluster approach,
competition, model.
The transformation of the country and regions into the innovative
focused system is the fundamental principle of social and economic development which
is based on activation and a gain of the human capital in modern conditions of
managing. In this regard a target problem of the modern period of the region
development is increase of welfare and a standard of living of the population,
ensuring steady growth of economy. In order to realize purposes of social and
economic development it requires solving the following interconnected blocks of
tasks:
1. To achieve material well-being and quality of life of the population
2. Dynamic, sustainable and balanced development of economy
3. Creating favorable conditions of activity [1, 80].
The economic indicators analysis of the Kazakhstan Republic shows that
the republic still continues to belong of group of regions with the lowest
level of social and economic development. Today the economy of the republic has
depressive character that is confirmed by existence of serious disproportions
in structure of economy. In this regard there is a need of activation current
and search of new sources and positive dynamics factors of the region's
economic development. In our opinion, development of clusters is one of such
sources.
Mentioned about creation of clusters in the Republic of Kazakhstan, it
should be noted need of the organization of cluster structures for agro-industrial
complex (agrarian and industrial complex) which is a main branch of the region.
Thus a strategic objective of agrarian and industrial complex is republic
transformation into the hi-tech export-oriented agricultural region.
Emphasize that the agrarian and industrial complex of the republic has
considerable resource base of products of the surpassing requirement of
domestic market, has potential price and other competitive advantages in a
domestic and foreign market on such goods as meat, wool, skin. However, the
production potential of agrarian sector – its material base, safety of
agricultural production and products of processing decreases every year,
fertility of soils, a condition of breeding animal husbandry and seed farming
worsens, the equipment and the equipment grow old.
Creation and development of an agro-industrial cluster will allow
increasing due to use of a positive effect of a synergy efficiency of
agro-industrial complex in general, will provide multiplicative effect for
dynamic development of all economy of the region, will serve as the catalyst of
development of adjacent, allied industries of economy [2, 98].
Economy management of agrarian and industrial complex on the basis of
regional clusters has certain advantages:
Allow developing the capacity of the agrarian and industrial complexes
enterprises;
-
To increase taxable base of the
republic;
-
To raise an employment rate of
country people areas;
-
To improve infrastructure of the
village;
-
To reorient the unprofitable agro
enterprises;
-
To increase in the region enterprise
activity in the agrarian and industrial complexes markets;
-
To improve information base for
statistical researches [3].
Also it is
possible to refer to advantages of clusters fully realization of competitive
advantages of the region on production of the food connected with a
geographical arrangement, climate, extensive zones of agro-industrial
production of regions.
The agro cluster
represents innovatively directed territorially localized integrated structure
organized on the basis of agricultural production including various spheres of
agrarian and industrial complex. Interaction of elements of a cluster happens
by means of an exchange of goods, technologies, information, services.
In order to
direct organization of a cluster the formation algorithm of an agro-industrial
cluster is offered. The offered algorithm consists of four stages:
1st
stage: the preparatory. This stage assumes all-methodical development model of
an agro-industrial cluster in the region. At this stage there is an orientation
assessment, the working group is created, the structure of participants of
future Council of an agro-industrial cluster is defined, mission and the
purpose of functioning of a cluster is developed, and the standard and legal
base is developed.
2nd
stage: analytical. This stage assumes carrying out researches for the purpose
of identification of conditions existence, or the potential competitive
clusters including the following sub stages:
- Determination
of parameters in which these or those enterprises of the republic can be
carried to a cluster kernel;
- Designation of
borders of a cluster;
- Identification
of communications in a cluster, the defining its development, including the
financial block, the block scientific and staffing;
- Carrying out
the strategic analysis of the revealed cluster model, are defined it’s strong
and weaknesses;
3rd
stage: The organizational and economic stage. This stage assumes formation of
uniform model of a cluster, development of recommendations about ensuring
effective functioning of a cluster, including actions of the state support. At
this stage it is necessary:
– To determine
the scale of joint activity of participants of an agro-industrial cluster in
the region
– To assign
functions to separate structures of a cluster
– To develop the
concept of development of a cluster, including creation of the purposes,
scenarios and the directions of development
– To develop the
development program of a cluster assuming creation standard & legal and
organizational & economic realization mechanisms of the revealed directions
for development.
4th
stage: assessment cluster's efficiency. This stage assumes the scenario of
long-term development of a cluster, including forecasts of functioning for the
certain directions, formation of an assessment technique from the point of view
of synergetic effects and contribution to strategy of the region development.
The algorithm is
characterized by the following distinctive features:
The principle of
formation action of a regional agro-industrial cluster in general can be
presented as consecutive change number of stages: problem's statement and
development of legal bases; definition of participants and borders of a cluster
and analysis of future structure capacity; creation of the cluster functioning
mechanism; development of an improving efficiency technique of this mechanism.
On each of the specified stages of
formation of an agro-industrial cluster, the republic has to support the state
initiatives.
Development of the concept and program of
development of an agro-industrial cluster in the region, also have to be
interconnected with strategy of social and economic development of the Republic
of Kazakhstan.
It should be noted that clusters are the
structures which are formed independently, but isn't artificial – by
authorities. In case of compulsory formation of clusters in region economy,
there are prototypes of territorial and production complexes. Thus, in case of
absence of historically developed, economically reasonable prerequisites for
formation of a cluster in the region (that is the purpose of the first stage of
this algorithm) the result will be creation of TPC (territorial & production complex).
Figure
1 shows the general algorithm of formation of a cluster in region economy.
Figure 1: Algorithm of formation of an
agro-industrial cluster
Creation of an
agro-industrial cluster in the republic assumes formation of common model of a
cluster. The model of an agro-industrial cluster offered by the author includes
key sector, sector of production of raw materials and sector of advance of
production. For ensuring activity of a regional cluster we will allocate the
financial, scientific, personnel and serving blocks, volumes and the content of
interactions. The enterprises and the
organizations making a cluster in the majority independent, and the competition
in a cluster – not less important driving force of development of a cluster in
general, than cooperation.
During competitive fight in a cluster, the system in general is
optimized and raises the opportunities.
According to
the offered model, governing body of an agro-industrial cluster in the republic
is Council, which consist the heads of the enterprises and representatives of
regional authorities. The main objective of Council of an agro-industrial
cluster is to promote the development of the enterprises, to provide effective
dynamic development of a cluster in general. Council of a cluster has the
coordination, analytical, administrative and controlling functions within
financial, material, information, innovative resources.
Within cluster
system we also suggest to use the capacity of universities. Formation of an
agro-industrial cluster in the republic with participation of university gives
advantages to both production structures and the most educational institutions.
Institutions of higher education have more opportunity to use educational and scientific
and technical potential in the field of basic researches and in providing
educational services. Moreover, an important aspect for universities is
existence of communications with the enterprises of real economic sector. While
entering into an agro-industrial cluster the university sets for itself the
main task – to promote preservation and the fullest use of scientific and
technical capacity of branches of agrarian and industrial complex. To regional
authorities cooperation with university allows to estimate a situation in
agrarian spheres and industrial complex and to correct the direction of
economic policy of the republic. The university also gets a number of
advantages: possibility of practical application of the gained knowledge,
possibility of expansion of the scientific activity sphere, receiving funds for
development of university due to consulting and other services, possibility of
employment of the young specialists who graduated this educational institution
majoring in that enterprises.
Thus, achievement of success at development
of clusters will be reached at establishment of continuous dialogue of all
participants of process - the enterprises, power structures, the research
organizations, system of vocational training, mass media, etc. Only mutual
understanding and readiness for cooperation will guarantee the positive
results.
Formation in the
territory of the republic, competitive in the world markets of goods and
services of an agro-industrial cluster, – adapted for its regional economic
potential will allow to position this project as a kernel of a regional cluster
of the trans regional importance and to create conditions for social and
economic development of the region.
References
1. Mishchenko U.P. Cluster
approach of the organization of production cooperation. //the KASU Bulletin No. 4 – 2013
2. Strategic
priorities of development of regional economy: long-term aspect: the monograph
/ under a general edition of the prof. Borlikov, Dr.Econ.Sci.,prof. E.I.
Mantayeva - Elista. ZOAR "NPP Dzhangar, 2012.
3. Tsikhan T.V.
Cluster theory of economic development//Theory and practice of management.
Theory and practice of management. – 2014. - No. 5. – Page 40