DIFFERENT EFFECTS MINE BLAST TRAUMA

Adamets Yu.A., Bahadova E.M.

Stavropol State Medical University

Topicality: Among gunshot wounds a special place is occupied by wounds caused by explosive weapons. During the Great Patriotic War and in the subsequent "local" conflicts mainly conventional firearms were used. However, over the past 70 years, these weapons have changed, resulting in a corresponding change in the nature of injuries. This especially refers to explosive weapons, or as they say now, the non-nuclear weapons of mass destruction. Today's reality is marked by global and local military conflicts, where there is a clear trend of increasing the share of the wounded receiving injuries from explosive ordnance.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted with the help of literature, online resources and news reports.

Analysis results. In recent years, in peacetime terrorists increasingly use powerful explosives, where deaths from such injuries account for only 10-20% of the total number of victims. The remaining 80-90% suffer from the CNS injuries from a mine blast. A Mine-explosive blast is characterized by general damaging effect on the body and the most severe complications in the posttraumatic time. Note that the damage from this type of injury is combined because of damaging power versatility of this type of armament. In case of a mine-blast injury it is necessary to consider such an impact as a - shock wave - which leads to the fact that the person " bands back and falls down to the ground ", which leads to additional damage; - Hydraulic impact, when it affects large blood vessels and hollow bodies filled with liquid, may also exert its deleterious effects on the central nervous system, where there is a vast reservoir of cerebrospinal fluid and venous blood. Traumatic shock, concussion syndrome and brain injury of different degree and a number of phenomena caused by damage to the lungs (shortness of breath, cough, hemoptysis) are the main clinical effects of mine blast injuries. Long-term consequences may include such things as hearing and vision deterioration, deaf-mutism, a disorder of the speech center, mental instability, hysterical fits. According to research M.O. Gurevich hearing loss and speech alteration was observed in 90% of people affected by the impact of air waves. Some publications suggest that there is a long-term impact of the blast injury to the brain. The studies have shown a reduction of cognitive abilities, psychomotor changes state in people exposed to the blast wave. They had no external damage. The results of the MRI after the incident also did not reveal obvious changes of the brain substance, but the dynamics of the changes with the four-year intervals showed that the victims have a clear regressive change memory and mental lability.

Conclusions. Consequences of mine-explosive injury for the nervous system lead to serious disorders of life, resulting in social and labor maladjustment, which requires long-term treatment. In these cases, it is advisable to have a long period of observation by a neurologist using specialized equipment (MRI, Doppler ultrasound, and the like and functional research methods) to connect to rehabilitation specialists, such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, speech therapist, etc. The person should also participate in the rehabilitation of relatives, because the quality of life is determined by such important elements as the mental health and the higher mental functions. In these cases more attention and sympathy from relatives and people close to the wounded may prevent severe consequences of a mine blast injury.

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