Ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå íàóêè/10. Ýêîíîìèêà ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ
candidate
of economic science Kolesnikova K. S.
Odessa
trade and economy Institute of Kiev national trade and economy University,
Ukraine
third
year student Djur E. Y.
Odessa
trade and economy Institute of Kiev national trade and economy University,
Ukraine
Promotion
of innovative activity for ensuring competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises
Organizational-economic mechanism of state innovation
policy can be described as a system of social production regulation, including
administrative structures, organizational, economic, social forms, methods and
tools and legal norms of impact on the innovative sector. At the same time the
mechanism of state innovative policy organizes blocks of economic relations
(organizational, economic and financial, normative and legal) [5].
The development of economy of Ukraine, modernization
and growth of its position in the international market, increasing
competitiveness of domestic enterprises is not possible without the activation
of innovation and creating competitive advantages that should cover all stages
of production, from designing to production realization. Innovative ensuring of
competitiveness of domestic enterprises is a guarantee for creation and
implementation of appropriate benefits [1].
In today's world the place and role of the country in
the global economy extremely depends on such concept as competitiveness. In
turn, the competitiveness is a comprehensive characteristic of the goods, which
outlines their advantages in the market compared to similar competing products
in the degree of satisfaction of needs and costs for that satisfaction [4, p.
163]. The development of globalization processes leads to rapid growth of
competition. The modern economy is becoming more innovative, that is why it
requires new technologies and knowledge. Growth of competition leads to the
appearance of various forms of cooperation. One of the most effective forms for
organization of innovative processes is the cluster associations, which
function as structure-forming elements of the global economy. International
experience has shown that clustering of the economy improves competitiveness
and innovative activity.
A cluster can
be defined as enterprises and organizations with closely related profile, which
work together, are economically closely linked and mutually contribute to the
overall development and growth of competitiveness of all business entities;
this is informal association of enterprises and organizations - the creators of
technology, binding market institutions and consumers that interact with each
other in a single value chain, carry out joint activities in the production and
delivery of a particular type of product or service through close cooperation
with the active business and informational interaction. It contributes the
development of all members of the cluster and guarantees them competitive
advantages compared to other separated enterprises that don't have such strong
relationships. The cluster approach overcomes the narrow specialization of
vision of the economy.
The process of clustering is a modernization process
based on innovation and includes technical, technological, organizational,
managerial and institutional innovation. Thus, innovation is the main feature
of the cluster, which has increased the economic and innovative potential. New
relationships within the cluster stimulate innovation, promote the development
of advanced technologies and improvement of all phases of joint economic
activities. Internal interaction within the cluster leads to the development of
new ways of gaining competitive advantages and provides new opportunities,
convergence of interests gradually overcomes separation, inertness and
isolation of various units, which positively affects the growth of their
technological level and competitiveness [3].
The current state of innovation sphere affects the
quality of the products that are produced, its novelty and competitiveness.
Ukraine has already established a stable group of enterprises with constant character
of innovation, but the pace of growth of innovative activity remains
insufficient. The reasons for this are the lack of own resources and financial
support from the state, the high economic risks in the absence of insurance
mechanisms to minimize them, and risks of innovative projects which are a
combination of intellectual, industrial and market types of risks.
Today, indicators of the economic growth in Ukraine,
based on extensive increasing, aren't supported by expansion of innovative base
which can lead to the reduction of products competitiveness, while worldwide
innovation is regarded as one of the main conditions of economic modernization.
Traditional fields of manufacturing largely exhausted both extensive and
intensive development opportunities. That is why in many countries the
foreground areas that are based on the usage of new technologies [1].
Indicators for assessing of competitiveness level of
innovative products in the market are the factors that determine market
conditions:
─ the availability of consumersof certain
product types;
─ the number of competitors which produce
similar products;
─ the volume of production and realization of
products of competitors’ enterprises in general (market capacity) and each
individual enterprise;
─ the main areas of competition in the market;
─ evaluation of strategic activity of the
competitors (control of distribution channels and activities of competitors’
enterprises to reduce the level of costs);
─
horizontal policy integration (to identify possibilities of carrying out
control and managing of particular industry sector);
─ the variety of competition methods (price,
quality, technological level, product design, services, enterprise image,
brand, trademark, etc.);
─ the stability of demand for company's products
in each market segment.
The main form of competition in innovative sphere is a
scientific and technical superiority of new products and it is defined by the
superiority of scientific achievements of engineering and technical workers
(intellectual property).
One of the most important factors in competitiveness
of innovative products is its novelty. The novelty of innovation is determined
by technological parameters and market position. These innovations are called
novations with technological dominant, which change the physical properties of
the product or use new components, new material, creating innovative products,
new products or new complex systems. So, according to the technological
parameters, innovations are divided into product (when new materials,
intermediates, components are used and products with fundamentally new
functions are obtained and process (when new technologies, new methods of
production organization are used) [2].
Thus, stimulation of innovation activities are carried
out to improve the competitiveness of domestic products, to develop innovative
processes in key industries. For the development of innovation as a factor of
increasing competitivenessare required state support and implementation of
effective mechanisms of public-private partnership, that
aimed at ensuring the competitiveness of domestic products in the world market
[1].
REFERENCES
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L. S. Faktory zabezpechennja konkurentospromozhnosti innovacijnoi' produkcii' /
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