d.m.s. Averyanov S. V., Mudarisova A.R.

Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation

Functional studies of the masticatory muscles using the method of myography

Key words: electromyography, disocclusion, orthodontic treatment

Abstract: the Article is devoted to the review of functional studies of the masticatory muscles in patients with disocclusion

Occlusal abnormalities change the usual character of articulation of the lower jaw, overload of the periodontium and TMJ. The result is development of functional changes in the periodontal tissues [1, 2], until the occurrence of localized periodontitis, changed the tone of the masticatory muscles, have initial symptoms of TMJ dysfunction [3]. Lately, the orthodontic treatment is more and more attention is paid not only to normalize the occlusion but also the establishment of biodynamical balance of muscles of the maxillofacial region [4]. This is because one of the most important factors leading to the emergence of complications, relapses and increased the duration of orthodontic treatment is the lack of restructuring of pathological muscle function maxillofacial region, with the elaboration of their normal neurodynamic stereotype in the course of orthodontic treatment [5]. The creation of a dense occlusal contacts on the background of the offset position of the mandible during orthodontic treatment can cause parafunction masticatory muscles and joint dysfunction in the final stage of orthodontic treatment. Method electromyography gives the most complete picture of the functional status of the facial and masticatory muscles. At present, the use of this method in patients with DMD is dedicated to a large number of studies [5]. In 1968 V. I. Georgiev spent electromyographic study of the function of the masticatory muscles of a person with intact orthognathic occlusion [4]. When you cross the occlusion found to decrease the coordination of muscles - antagonists and synergists on the side of the displacement [5]. The study of biopotentials of the temporal, chewing and negotiating muscles in children 6-12 years of age with distal occlusion of the dentition showed their deviations from the average normal values. V. T. Lisovskaya [2011] studied the possibility of using electromyographic studies during orthodontic treatment close position of frontal teeth at various occlusion. It is established that the source to treat the bioelectric activity of the temporal muscles was higher than the masticatory in all groups except the group of patients with a tight anterior tooth position and vertical tool disocclusions. Vertical incisor disocclusion observed the opposite effect, in the absence of closure in the anterior region. Discoordination in work of the masticatory muscles during orthodontic treatment has increased, which, in the author's opinion, due to the restructuring of occlusal contacts. During the period of restoration of occlusal contacts increases the functional activity of the masticatory muscles and reduced – temporal. And only in patients with close position of front teeth and a vertical tool disocclusions is an increase in the functional activity of the temporal muscles, which is associated with the appearance of the cutting contacts. Stabilization in the work of the masticatory muscles occurs only in long term after orthodontic treatment, and only then can we talk about neuromuscular balance. K. I. Sviridov [2011] conducted a diagnostic of morphological and functional abnormalities of dentition in patients with sagittal tool disocclusions in the period of change of teeth before and after orthodontic treatment. For the first time determined that in children 6-9 years old with sagittal tool disocclusions at physiological rest of the mandible and in conducting functional tests, there is a high electrical activity of the circular muscle of the mouth. After orthodontic treatment bioelectrical activity of all studied muscles is preserved, but to a lesser degree [5]. N. Indicators of the maximum amplitude of the biopotentials increased in all the investigated muscles, but especially in the temporal lobe (3 times). Primary contact pairs of teeth antagonists, muscle work discoordination, as indicated by a significant predominance of the values of the potentials of the temporal muscle over the masseter (right and left 2.0 1.6 times). There is also increasing rates of maximum amplitude of biopotentials in the temporal muscle (on the right in 6.2 times, and on the left in 5.3 times) and the chewing muscles (on the right in 2.1 times and 1.7 times left) [3]. P. V. Established a mathematical model of masticatory muscles to predict changes in their tone in patients with dental and facial anomalies in combination with dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint. It is established that dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint leading to development of asymmetry of muscle tone on the side of dysfunction of the joint is determined by increasing the tone of the temporal and masticatory muscles most pronounced in the anterior bundles of the temporal and masticatory muscles on the opposite side – increased tone pterygoid muscle [5]. Among the studies of the last two years, it should be noted the work of M. V. Verzilova [2014], who studied the bioelectric activity of masticatory muscles in children with sagittal anomalies of occlusion. The author establishes the role of sternocleidomastoid muscle in the formation of the relationship of the dentition postural and status conducted stabilometric study showed that patients with distal occlusion were observed occlusive mass-inertial displacement of the center in the direction of increased activity of the temporal muscle in patients with mesial occlusion in the direction of the masticatory muscles. Thus, functional changes in masticatory muscles of dentoalveolar anomalies and their treatment are a concern and require further study.

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