Anuar A.B, Ormansha Z.D,
Master Students
Abitova Gulnara,
Candidate of Technical Sciences,
PhD
L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan
Research
and Designing of the Automatic Control of Technological Production of
Nonferrous and Rare Metals
Kazakhstan occupies a leading place in the world reserves of rare
elements and metals that has a great influence on scientific and technological
progress.
Although forecasts the global market of rare metals in the near future
are very favorable, the production and consumption of rare metals, is currently
in the country are not sufficiently developed.
In addition, the planned rise in the country's total industrial
production, accelerated development of high-tech industries and the
strengthening of the defense capability will significantly increase the
consumption of non-ferrous and rare metals, leading him to the level of
industrialized countries.
The level of automation of metallurgy, including the production of rare
metals, is one of the leading places among other industries. Metallurgical
installation is characterized by continuous processes occurring in them. In
this processing of mineral raw materials shall meet the requirements for the
production of eco-friendliness. Almost all operations and metallurgical plants,
especially on devices hydrometallurgy, and in particular, solvent extraction,
mechanized and transients which develop relatively quickly. This explains the
high development of automation in the production of rare metals
hydrometallurgy.
Automation liquid extraction includes automatic control, remote control,
technological protection, chemical control, technological lock and alarm.
Rare Metals Production Process Control refers to a rather complex
control systems that maintain the technological regimes within the prescribed
limits, monitoring their condition requires the collection of large amounts of
information and to provide a significant number of devices, sensors, and
control mechanisms. Therefore, how to optimize the production process control
of rare metals with the development and application of the modernized control
system for the production of rare metals are actual and reasonable.
The novelty of the study is to provide a scientific basis for the production of rare metals
management system based on the synthesis of a mathematical model of the process
and the creation of systems of control and management of production lines on
the basis of a personal computer, allowing to improve, modernize and optimize
existing production technology of rare metals. Provide with the effectiveness
and comprehensiveness of their extraction, improving the quality of output of
commodity products is a relevant and
important scientific and technological challenge.
The common and most rational today flowsheet producing rare metals of
melts lead production, including the deposition of the concentrate with its
subsequent sulfation and transfer metal oxide soluble form from which the rare
metal is recovered by the extraction method has a number of disadvantages associated
with a deviation in technological conditions, the need to maintain and regulate
the process parameters within specified limits, prompt and efficient management
of production technology in general.
One of the methods that meet the requirements of the complex and to
maximize the recovery of valuable components from industrial products and
tellurium metallurgical processes is an extraction method for extracting rare
metal, based on the pre-sulfation strong sulfuric acid and metal compounds into
solution.
Thus, analysis of existing methods for obtaining rare metal shows:
1) The main source of rare metal now in the production of lead and zinc
are the lead melts away refining of lead bullion.
2) The most common and best technology in the industry are considered
rare metals extraction processes that transform raw materials poor and provide
significant economic benefit.
3) One of the methods to ensure a comprehensive and maximum extraction
of valuable components and rare metals from industrial products metallurgical
processes is the extraction method based on pre-sulfation strong sulfuric acid
compounds and the transfer of rare metals in the solution.
4) Extraction processes for the production of rare metals are
characterized by simplicity and versatility, in connection with what they are
easier to automate and optimize, which is a prerequisite for any improvement of
the process and its intensification.
The paper was reviewed and investigated directly itself a rare metal
production - namely, the process of extraction of rare metals from lead melts
applied in the metallurgy production.
The process of producing a rare metal on the metallurgy production
consists of several steps, consisting in oxidizing the concentrate of
concentrated sulfuric acid in order to convert it into an oxide form in the
leaching slurry hydrochloric acid solution to form an extractable component for
conducting rare metal extraction process tributyltin phosphate, stripping it
ammonium chloride solution, cleaning solution from impurities, metal deposition
sodium sulfite and melting it to obtain the final product - a rare metal stamp
TA-1.
According to the technological instructions adopted by the metallurgy
production, an operation sulfation (oxidation) of the concentrate into the
reactor a total volume of 5m3 (working volume – 5m3)
pumped 1,6m3 of concentrated sulfuric acid. The amount of acid was
measured wooden slats (6 bars or 80sm on the rail). When the stirrer was
charged to the reactor 0,4t rare earth concentrate or third party materials. To
determine the required amount of concentrate for loading concentrate in the
container is weighed before and after loading process weighbridge. Number of
loaded raw material is determined by the difference of weight measurements.
After loading concentrate into the reactor started the process of
oxidation. Initially, the oxidation proceeded without heating (closed steam
supply to the reactor jacket), since the beginning of the process splicing
(oxidation) at elevated temperature can be too violent reaction to the release
of large amounts of gases.
This leads to a strong release and foaming of the reaction mixture.
Therefore, steam supply is only 2-4 hours after loading concentrate into the
reactor. At a reaction temperature not lower than 1400 °C the duration of the
oxidation process is not more than 48 hours.
End splicing process (oxidation) should be determined by the laboratory
on the basis of the analysis of samples taken, as a result of which the
efficiency of set rare metal concentrate oxidation. In the case where the
efficiency is 95-97%, the oxidation step is complete. But in practice this
method is not widely used because of the complexity and duration of the method.
Therefore, the end of the process was determined visually by the color of the
resulting pulp, which has a pure milk-white color.
CONCLUSION
Physical and chemical
processes for the production of rare metals in industrial production is well
researched and tested in practice. As a result of experimental studies on the
existing production line producing rare metals, analysis and processing of the actual
process data, it is shown that:
1) The production line
producing rare metals, lead production is characterized by a large number of
transients that are maintained in the optimal mode requires a clear system of
control and regulation of technological parameters and an effective management
system to all production.
2) Preparation of a rare metal
on the lead production today is incidental production quality is to increase
the level of semiconductor purity (i.e., base substance content in the final
product should be not less than 99.99%) can only be secured mathematically
Precision balance main chemical components used in the art.
3) The solution to improve the
quality of manufactured product and the complexity of the use of raw materials
is only possible with the use of complex automation, advanced sensors and
flowmeters.
4) Therefore, one of the main
objectives of this study is to develop, both theoretical foundations and
practical ways to improve and optimize the extraction process for producing
rare metals from industrial products of lead production based on modern
high-performance methods and means of control and development of advanced
monitoring and control systems in the production of rare metals.
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