Economic sciences/13. Regional economy

Buresh O.V., Zhuk M.A., Frolov A.V.

The Orenburg state university, Russia

Creation of Regional Industrial Clusters in the Context of Cognitive Information Space

At the present time the passage from nation competition stage to region competition stage is observed in global economics. The Russian regions in modern environment are attempting by different approaches not only to persist, but to get farther development on the newest level corresponding to the world trends. Therefore, competition strengthening between territories is attaining more and more significance, turning to the leading approach, which will determine future territorial system of Russia, Europe and the whole world. With economic force’ and regional influence’ growth the competitiveness is over passing to interregional level, conditioning competition between regions, both within the bounds of a country, and in international scope.

The problems of territorial competition, its methodology, as well as recommended practices for competitiveness assessment of regions and municipal units are deeply examined and described by the following Russian researchers: B.M. Gringel, N.E. Kostyleva, E.A. Smirnov [2]. The academics notice in their paper that competition between territories is considered as the aspiration to conquer different groups of local resources and life conditions consumers. The development of the regional competition is useful because it brings specialists to perform fundamental analysis of region socioeconomic evolvement, provides opportunity to find out relationship with actual and potential partners or rivals, allows to choose successful strategic portfolio.

It’s clear that main goals of region competitiveness growth are confined in capability increase of real economy. Nowadays the essentially different approach appeared for complete analysis of real economy. According to many researches, the founder of competition theory Michael Porter is among them, the traditional compartition to sectors and branches in modern economy loses actuality [1]. The clusters – groups of geographically closed, interrelated companies and support organizations, including budgetary are coming out on the first place. The cluster also consists of: educational institutions, regulating organizations, which create partnership conditions and mechanisms, complementarity of joint projects, including political and social, without reference to general competition.

Successful cluster development positively influences not only close environment, but it fulfills a function of growth points for internal regional market. After the first, new clusters usually are formed, which generate interregional competitiveness, based on strong positions of individual clusters. The advantages in cluster are spread at all interconnections:

- new producers from other branches accelerate development which stimulate research work and provide essential instruments for new strategy implementation;

- free information exchange and quick innovation distribution at suppliers and customers channels;

- cluster inside interrelations lead to appearance of new competition trends and creation of advanced opportunities;

- human resources and ideas form new combinations.

Thus, the cluster force is based on three main conditions. First, the possibility of rivals’ joint development allows to make local markets more forceful than external. Second, the horizontal communication providing maximum contract assurance has to be adjusted. Third condition is simultaneity of competition and protection for it (internal competition provision and protection from external environment’ competition). The cluster should cultivate increasing demand on internal market, irrespectively of external demand.

Besides clusters provide new capabilities for regional government to work out and realize regional strategy of economic development in the direction of competitive advantages, innovations implementation and regions specializations within a country. It’s necessary to point out, that regional development based on its conception as an administrative-territorial unit, where the unit solid organization set up effective economic and favorable social conditions for population labor and living [3].

Often there are historically developed clusters on the regions territory, however in many cases it’s necessary to create new and restructure the existing clusters with the aim to increase regional competitiveness. Thus the cluster approach success for competitiveness raise of regional real economy is largely defined by how regional government will stimulate and partly regulate clusterization process of regional real economy. Obviously in the frame of such activity heads often have to make managerial decisions, which quality and adequacy can’t be provided without economic-mathematical toolkit.

The whole spectrum of cluster analysis’ methodology is applied in economic exploration but it is beyond the present research. However it’s clear that results reliability is directly depends on completeness and veracity of initial information. On the one hand, gathering and analysis of initial information is usually the most labor-consuming stage in the decision-making process [4]. On the other hand, nowadays accelerating informatization processes in regions and «Electronic government» concept implementation at all levels of state and municipal management lead to information support of authorities’ activity and management functions actualization as well as to info-analytical support for operational and strategic decisions of social and economic region development. These factors promote formation of uniform integrated information resource for a region.

The effectiveness of such resource is defined as ability to adapt every second to new demands of constantly changing information space. That is why the problem of new principles creation for information resources system at all regional government levels becomes actual for competitiveness increase of regional real economy. The key role for current problem solution is given to information system creation, which allows information accumulating in the way that it should have reasonable value for decision-making, and can be transformed to the knowledge base without any expert involvement.

The actual knowledge base has to storage longstanding managerial experience of regional and municipal authorities and support more effective clusterization. At the present time it is possible due to global informatization and Internet wide availability, because it can fill up on-line the capacity of regional integrated information resource without people interference easily. Thus the efficiency of such resource only depends on its structurization effectiveness.

It’s necessary to consider specifics of the research unit – region, as the socioeconomic management object for effective structurization instrument’ choice. During the research process the frame model is chosen reasonably as basic model for integrated regional information resource structurization by authors, allowing to create generating object class. The choice of the frame model can be explained that this model of knowledge presentation enables to keep simultaneously declarative and procedural object knowledge [5].

The frame model of knowledge representation is based on the theory of frames by M. Minsky, which is a systematic psychological model of human memory and consciousness. The frame is a data structure for representing a conceptual object. The frame contains information and procedural elements for the information transformation. The model of frames and their slots is used as a model of objects or actions and their properties. The main feature of the frames is their hierarchical structure. The frames usually correspond to the general concept of a taxonomic (classificatory) hierarchy. The feature of such a hierarchical structure is that the information about the attribute that is included into the frame of the upper level is shared by all the frames of lower levels associated with them. This structure allows to organize and remember similar concepts of a subject field, with avoiding unnecessary complications relating to information about the attributes and adding new concepts or skills to the appropriate position in the existing hierarchy.

The above mechanism can be applied in:

- implementing of structuring of the subject fields of territorial entities as social and economic objects;

- forming of a generalized information structure of the subject field, reflecting the management strategy of territorial entities as socio-economic objects;

- describing of prototyping mechanism during generation of alternative strategies.

This structure of an integrated information resource allows to implement intellectual information technologies, based on an associative analysis of information reflecting the accumulated experience in solving a wide range of applications of municipal and public administration, into the process of decision-making related to improving of the region clustering effectiveness during technologically short time and in conditions of small funding.

Using intellectualized information resource in the clustering management helps to:

- intensity increase of a region's competitiveness;

- allocation of the region profile and specialization in the most adequate and reasonable way;

- comprehension and development of reserve directions, as well as finding new ones.

Regular analyzing and monitoring of region competitiveness level should increase the positive image of a region both at the federal district level, so in the Russian Federation in general. In return, the dynamic and competitive regions are the sources of growth in the whole country.

Literature

1. Porter M. Competitive Advantage of Nations. - М.: International relations, 1993.

2 B.M. Gringel, N.E. Kostyleva, E.A. Smirnov. Territory Competitiveness Development as the General Task of Strategic Planning. S-Pt.: 2005.

3. Asaul V.V., Krishtal V.I. Self-Organization and Economic Integration: Common Points// Economic Revival of Russia, Х21-2, 2004.

4. Sadkov N.S. Integration Problems of Information Resources in the Frame of Enterprise Stability Increase. – M.: Info-M, 2005.

5 Romanov V.P. Intellectual Information Systems in Economics: study-book / V.P. Romanov /under edition by Tikhomirov N.P. – M.: Ekzamen, 2003.