Aitzhanova R.M., Mekadilova S.K.
Karaganda state university of the name E.A. Buketov, Kazakhstan
The main problems of the self-knowledge
teaching at the
infant
schools
We are in the XXI
epoch – the epoch of science and technology development.
In the century of
information, globalism and integration during the struggling for the new world
there is no doubt that to give an education is on the first place.
At a rate of
shaping of the civilized association and legal State of sovereign Kazakhstan it
is today obligatory to raise a mental wealth and a culture of the generation. Our
country directs to introduction of the world informative area. This education sphere closely connect with the changes of the pedagogical theory, change a education
paradigm, originate the new education substance.
Today in Kazakhstan
clever, creative and purposeful generation try with their strengths and ideas
to develop their country.
It is impossible
to be born anew spiritual, to stand an educated and headily upcoming nation, not
explaining the young generation about respect to antique folk tradition, about importance
of the role of spiritual values: about
charity, knack of share, endurance, respect, humaneness.
Our purpose – to
educate responsible and free, catcher a world as a whole and knowing a concernment of her life, ambitions
to serve her folk, her country and land individual personality.
Self-knowledge is
an education program, developed by times order, is based on the common human spiritual
riches, the program of the widening of thinking and inner world of the child, giving
a potential to development of the individual, directed to humaneness.
From taking into
account aspect of the nature and creature of the existence is the man an object
of self-knowledge. As the substance of the man is a complicated system, he
shows himself as individual personality, as subject of the doing and individual
subject. A single whole this human quality provide developmental process, composed
of such aspects as self-determination, self-importance, initiative and self-perfection.
This purpose determines
a field of self-knowledge object, reveals cognitive, developmental and pedagogical
tasks of the object.
A field of
self-knowledge object by way of the enrichment of the inner life of every foster
child and acknowledgement of his unique
personal identity takes aim at his natural abilities and organization of
the purposeful educated process, directed to discovery of the ingenuity of man.
Teaching and methodical means of the self-knowledge discipline, directed the schoolboys
to solution of the common and personal tasks, helps to organize his expanded qualified
acquirements, having living meaning, giving a potential to show his inventive activity
[1].
The main purposes
of the education by self-knowledge are such:
> to discover
the human self-replication and taking into consideration his temperament, strains, personal qualities, to develop his as individual
personality, subject of action and separate individual subject;
> to form the main directives of human strains, having social
importance, âûÿâëÿþùèå
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ê
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ñâîåé
ñðåäå
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âñåé
÷åëîâå÷íîñòè;
> to form for solution of tasks, directed to social work experiences
of use in creative activity individually-larval value
and got knowledges.
Primary tasks spiritual-human
education to «Self-knowledge»:
> to define
their own life positions;
> to solve
different problems in accordance with
human norms;
> to build good
attitude to himself, to people and outward things;
> to help to people,
to be well-disposed and protector in respect of their own relatives and near
relations;
> to live in harmony
with himself, to correspond to their own thought, to words and activities;
> to show ingenuity
and activity, nationality and patriotism;
> to get ready
to show their own thoughts, words and activities under human ideology and to
answer for them;
> to develop actual
skills of public activity [2].
«Educational program
for kindergartens» considers all-round development of preschool children, their
training for school. Practically this program plays a main part.
Moreover that his
education, attitude to children and elders is an example for children, a
pedagogue has an strongly influence on
them and forms personality of child.
If he actively has an influence, that the
more takes part the feeling of child, so much the more closed their freedom of will,
has he influence on perception.
Spiritual-human development
of preschool child improves by means of close relation between kindergarten and
family. For solution some task every child are executed particular conditions.
For example, in
one’s mind they are formed positive habits, relations with each other, human feelings,
are formed industry, respect to work of elders, collectivism, responsibility, a
feeling of charge, patriotic feelings.
The main purpose
of education is to bring up healthy, having a feeling of nationality, with high
degree of spiritual thinking, cultural, exemplary, equitable, laborious,
efficient, having as far back as and other qualities generation. It is grand a
spiritual-educational essence of history. Giving to child a spiritual pleasure,
he is a spiritual want, having all
means for spiritual development of the child.
Spiritual is a
main quality indicator of individual personality. In base of spiritual forms a
disposition of the man, develop conscience, to appraise himself and human
qualities. This brings to good-nature and frank.
The
spiritual-humanity education – right habits and norms of habits to keep
himself, forms a stability of culture of the mutual relations in the society. A
degree of the human conscience of the individual man defines his disposition
and movement [3].
In the education
of children to humanity a national pedagogic reveals always national education as example. One of the
ways to education to the humanity is to reache this aim and to
mark up a confidence. If this quality from the childhood to introduce, so we
build a wall with humanity qualities. Humaneness is a humanity spiritual basis.
Because the man in the society respects from his good humanity quality, from
humaneness and sensitivity.
Incorporated to dispositions of the man only from education and
training, constitutes as sacred image of humaneness. Now in the education of
growing generation one of raised purposes forms required to the society,
indicating a respect to the elders and a caring for children, universal
developed an individual personality. In the attainment this purpose conducts as
tentative discipline at the kindergartens a draft of spiritual-humanity
education «Self-knowledge» of the president of
the fund «Bobek» Sara Alpyskysy.
«Self-knowledge»
discipline trains the child from the childhood to patriotism, comity, amicable,
purity, regularity, good-nature, to love a nature, to respect a family,
collectivism.
This discipline
trains likewise to cultivate the man frugality, comity, charity, sympathy,
respect, goodwill and to respect other, to rate, to can to hear, to help the mans, to can to remit.
The national
pedagogic trains to songs with that a mother arouses the feelings of child, to
national wise expressions, to puzzles, to queer histories, to plays and
education. Thereby, it is possible to say that a lead to humanity education is
national pedagogic. The part of «Self-knowledge» course is considerable in the
ability to product reasonable the national qualities of generation.
The methodical
gratuity aimed to the teacher of kindergarten, art literature and practice – methodical
gratuity composed of gatherings of
children directs to attainment the purpose of course «Self-knowledge». The
lesson composes of «Compliment», «Organizational moment», «Warm up», «Play»,
«Silence», «Dialog», «Constructive task», collective work, work with
gatherings.
In main part of
lesson are used different plays and exercises to form cognitive interesting of
children, social habits. His essence composes of development of concept
childrens morality, his appraisement, relation to common humanity qualities.
The constructive
tasks directed to built a close relation between pedagog and parents is the
base of work. For example: In the paper «My family», organized jointly with the parents taped photos of
child from childhood up to this date and photos of its parents and alliance.
Per this papers improve the relations between kindergarten and family,
increases an answerability of parents for the children. One word, a family and
a kindergarten prosecutes good work one another. The written works, aimed for
development of vocabulary, mathematics, plays with parents are recommended to
do with parents for repeat of lessons to develop of language.
The purpose of
teacher is to educate formed in himself a national self-consciousness, receptor
a tradition and folklaw his homeland, healthy, knowing the language of homeland,
having a spiritual rich, an universal citizen.
If in
spiritual-humanity education ab init trained to goodwill, comity, franking, so
is grand the future of parents and teacher. «I censure my three qualities», -
said Akan sery. They are: have not told lies, have not betrayed, did not envy
nobody. These three qualities are God for every. «Losed his God the man is as
dead»,- spoke. Actually it is thruth. Thereby, in shaping the individual
personality the main purpose of the education to humanities is with feeling to
stake out their emotional world, to put purpose each action, to plane and
execute him, to bring up skill to put problem before itself. At achievement of
the purposes are possible multiple obstacles. To form such qualities a child
from childhood builds a basis of shaping to individual personality [2].
At present a
course Self-knowledge is a new scientific direction. His strategical opinion
directs to formation as personality, to flare world foresight, to solve
social-economic problems, day-to-day living tasks.
The main
structural parts of self-knowledge of the personality:
1. The
motivational province of the personality: reasons of the line of the
disposition, social wants.
2. The province
of activation: internationality, zeal, trust himself, self actualization.
3. The ratable-
supporting province of the personality: directives of appraisement, the essence
and purposes of the life.
4. The province
of ethnic self-consciousness of the personality – ethno-cultural correlation,
formed on base ethnic incorrect conviction [1].
A part of
self-knowledge discipline in the education space is revealed from formation
spiritual-humanity qualities of the individual personality, from caution of
development, from sensation of development of compatibility between mankind and
nature.
In preschool
educational institutions is great role of the discipline «Self-knowledge» in
development of the spiritual humanity to individual personality, in shaping his
general civil valuables. This discipline is base of the education to
humanities, facility of the shaping of relationship and cognitions of the
world, riverbed of the development creative activity and intellect child.
Complementing
each other in education, bound with each other united actions of the school and
families are important in accustoming to human value pupil initial classes, in
social education, in self-knowledge.
In what society,
in what state was not, if human value of the relations, shaping in him human
valuables is a duty preschool – educational institutions, has a big influence
discipline of self-knowledge in self-knowledge of child, hear other, in
development future child.
Bibliography:
1. Abulchanova K.A.
Psychology and consciousness to personalities/ K.A. Abulchanova - M: Moscow
psychology-social institute, 1999.
2. Baimuratova B.
Preparation of the child to school, - Almaty: Shartarap, - 2000.
3. Maralov V.G. Bases of
self-knowledge and self-development. /V/G/ Maralov-M.: Publishing centre
«Akademija», 2002.