Экономические науки/1. Банки и банковская система
Master of 1 course
of the Institute of World Economy and Finance
Bokova Natalia
Volgograd State University, Russia
Diversification of the economy as a basis for sustainable development
Sustainable development
- a process of economic and social change, in which the stronger the current
and future potential to meet human needs and aspirations and the economic
security of the country. The basis of sustainable development is the
diversification of the country. Implies the possibility of active work in
completely different industries, often unrelated. The development of industry,
activate the inter-industry linkages, stimulating entrepreneurship, which
creates prerequisites for increasing trade with other countries. And most
importantly, the diversification of the economy enables long-term planning the
development. Why, the economy focused on commodity exports, suggest simply not
able to. Diversification of the economy is the solution of each of these
challenges. However, in situations where a particular dependence on exports
resources and related issues have reached their limit, a way out of this
vicious circle will inevitably require great political will and sustained
efforts.
Diversification
appeared during the development of mass production in the XIX century, but was largely accidental. It was developed
in the late 1960s - early 1970s, then was replaced by the conviction of the
need to concentrate efforts on core business areas. At the end of the 20th
century interest in it began to rise again. There was a lot of new industries
and markets. Diversification has allowed to compensate for the failure of one
market maximum profits in other industries. Diversified companies were more
stable in the competition compared to specialized companies.
The
main provisions of the theory of diversification were formed from 1984 to 1998,
although the conceptual foundations laid I. Ansoff in the mid 60s.
According
to this theory, the main motives that determine the organizational and
structural redpriyatiya strategy are:
1) the formation of
market potential (prosperity at the expense of non-diversified firms based not
on improving the efficiency, and the possibility of coverage of market sectors,
which are not available to non-diversified companies. The creation and
accumulation of market potential facilitates competition between companies,
2) accumulation of
resource potential (diversification - a reaction to the excess capacity of the
production system, the increase in the scale factor due to absorption or fusion
- is the wholesale acquisition of other companies of resources, an additive
effect (synergy) released for this association is not so easy to get the
competitors, this synergy is transformed in particular the company's resources,
diversifying and increasing its scale factor due to the merger)
3) increase the
institutional capacity (the realization of the interests of effective
management in a diversified company).
As
already mentioned, the idea developed I. Ansoff, who offered the first
theoretical concepts of diversification. In 1948 he started he joined the
advanced management office in RAND Corporation, and in 1956 moved to the
Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. His first job at Lockheed was to develop a plan
that allows this giant company is engaged in the execution of research and
production orders Corporation to diversify its business. While diversification
idea was fairly new, and ready approach to its implementation did not exist. As
a result, I. Ansoff and members of his research group developed the basic
concepts of algorithm and implementation of strategic analysis. According to
the results of this work and first book I. Ansoff Corporate Strategy has been
written ( "Corporate Strategy") (1965), which enjoyed great success
and immediately received international recognition. Just great role of the
American economist, professor of business administration at Harvard Business
School Michael Porter, for the fact that it was he who coined the term "diversification"
in active scientific applications.
Turning
specifically to the meaning of the term, diversification expresses the
expansion of production, making it possible to penetrate new industry for
themselves and scope, to expand its range of products and gradually turn into a
multi-complex.
Примечание
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РГНФ и
Администрации Волгоградской области в рамках научно-исследовательского проекта
№ 16-12-34020 «Формирование и регулирование рынка трудовых ресурсов
Волгоградской области в условиях функционирования Евразийского экономического
союза»
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