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The use of loan words
in the speech of the modern police
The composition of the
Russian language is gradually changing, as of his active vocabulary go obsolete words, and they were replaced by new ones come
from other languages. Thus, a large number of foreign words exist in the modern
formal legal vocabulary.
Russian language has borrowed from the
Latin language, the following special terms: easement, the notary, the deputy,
the plenum of the Senate, alibi, attorney, audit, justice, the Office, the
notary, the administration.
In addition to the Latin borrowing, it
is a lot of new words from Western languages in the Russian language: German,
English, French, Dutch, Italian, Spanish.
From German came the following words:
police fine dictates, the aggressor, the slogan fee.
French words began to appear in the Russian
language in the time of Peter and later. These were: arbitration, the
prosecutor, the guarantor, patrol, Parliament pass.
The Dutch are some of the social and
political terms: market, fleet, flag.
Also borrowing
occurred from other languages: English (clearing, timing, timesheet,
publicity), Spanish (embargo, escudos, Eldorado), Italian (memos, cavatina,
pagament, Cambio).
Functional and stylistic role of
foreign language borrowed words is very diverse. Firstly, all the words of this
group carried out from the very beginning the main nominative function as they
borrowed together with a certain (mostly new) concept. They replenish the
terminology system, and used as a ekzotizmy (c Exotikos -.? Exotic) in the
description of the various features, for the creation of local color. However,
the front is to use them with certain stylistic purposes. The relevance of
their inclusions in the Russian texts of different styles should be carefully
considered each time, as the abuse of foreign language vocabulary leads to the
fact that even the texts are designed for a wide range of readers or listeners
may become partially unclear and will not reach this goal [1].
The Russian people since ancient times
entered in the cultural, commercial, military and political ties with other
countries, which could not but lead to linguistic borrowings. But the national
identity of the Russian language in no way affected by the penetration of
foreign language words, as the borrowing - it is a natural way to enrich any
language. The Russian language has retained its full identity and only enriched
by loan words [1].
Depending on the language came from a
certain word may be assigned two types of loans:
1) related borrowing
(from the Slavic family of languages);
2) borrowing foreign
language (language of a linguistic system).
The first type includes borrowing from the Old
Slavonic language related (sometimes referred to as his linguistic literature
ancient Bulgarian). The second - borrowed from:
Lexico-semantic
features of the Russian language is often hindered by the unequivocal
application of the term in the regulatory act. Thus, in the legal vocabulary
can be used Disambiguation, leading to errors in law enforcement. Experienced
enforcers correctly understand most terms through either the context of their
use, or clarification, formulated by the legislator. Difficulty understanding
of the term can also be caused by the introduction of its turnover for the
first time in the legal, failure loan from a foreign language, or the existence
of terms-synonyms.
On the basis of these
theoretical conclusions will try to determine the content of the term
"legal profession" in Russia in the second half of XIX - early XX
century. This term has become a hostage of two opposing trends in its use. On
the one hand, the "Bar" - a word that has several meanings, on the
other - along with the term "legal profession", there are several
synonymous concepts.
The term
"advocacy" is of Latin origin, the verb "Advoco" translates
to "invite" and "advocatus" - "designed". It is
in this transcription the word "lawyer" was included in the majority
of European languages <2>. In the project of judicial reform, known as
the "Summary of the transformation of the judiciary in Russia," it
was first used the term "attorney at law". The choice of the term was
due to the desire of lawmakers to use the usual word for the Russian people,
while providing it with new meaning. "Sworn" mean: who gave the oath,
ie performing the functions established by the law on the application to the
court.
In
conclusion, we must add that there is now a huge entry of foreign words in the
article of a normative nature, such as "Article: The content of the
concept of" advocacy "in pre-revolutionary Russia (Ilina TN) ("
History of State and Law ", 2013, N 12). Borrowing, a necessary process of language
development. It enriches the language, making it more concise, but should not
be abused by foreign words, it is not always accurately understand their
lexical meaning. Development of jurisprudence - is an essential process,
because the right is constantly evolving and is inseparable from globalization
and the integration of Russia in the world.
Bibliography:
1.Sovremenny Russian. [In 2 hours.] Ed. DE
Roosendaal. Izd.2 th. Textbook for universities. M., "High School"
1976
2. Barikhin AB Great Encyclopedic
Dictionary of Law. -M.,: Book World 2005.
3. Dictionary of foreign words-16 ed,
ispr.- M:. "The Russian language" 1988
4. Brief etymological dictionary of the
Russian language. Moscow, 1971
5.Gramotny
police - 1.Stilevaya language system [Text]: Tutorial / AM Yemelyanov, AG
Mikhailova. - Ufa: Ufa Law Institute of the Russian Interior Ministry, 2015. -
48 p.